Historical bazaars in Iran are among the most important contexts for the formation of collective place identity. The Historical Bazaar of Qazvin, through its complex spatial organization, movement system, and physical structure, is considered a prominent example in the reproduction of place identity. This study aims to explain the impact of the formal structure of the Qazvin Bazaar on place identity, focusing on social interactions, territoriality, and visual sensitivity. The research adopts a qualitative, analytical–interpretive approach based on Herdeg’s framework of formal structure. Data were collected through documentary studies, field surveys, plan analysis, and a seven-axis reading of formal structure in four key nodes of the bazaar: Small Chahar Suq, Grand Chahar Suq, Sa’adat Square, and the Central Bazaar. To enhance the validity of the findings, the results were verified using Space Syntax analysis and Visual Graph Analysis (VGA) in Depthmap software, based on Global Integration, Local Integration, Choice, Connectivity, and Visual Integration indices. Findings illustrate that Small Chahar Suq strengthens micro-scale social interactions and local identity, Grand Chahar Suq enhances symbolic centrality and spatial integration, Sa’adat Square organizes urban-scale interactions and legibility, and the Central Bazaar connects the spatial network and maintains continuity of social flows. The results indicate the highest overlap between Herdeg’s framework and syntactic and visual measures in central, functional, movement-accessibility, and visual-spatial axes. In conclusion, place identity in the Historical Bazaar of Qazvin emerges from the interaction of formal structure, spatial organization, movement patterns, and visual perception, through the synergy of form, function, and meaning.