Comparative Analysis of Social Sustainability in Old and New Residential Contexts of Cities Case Study: Old and New Context of Sabzevar City

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, iran

2 M.A. of Geography and Urban Planning, Sabzevari Hakim University, Sabzevar, iran

3 Associate Professor of Geography and Urban Planning , Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, iran

10.22034/jsc.2021.243874.1292

Abstract

Extended Abstract
Introduction
Housing is the most important urban element in the sustainable development of the city. It is essential to pay attention to it because housing development, in addition to the environment, affects the economy, culture and social issues. Therefore, achieving sustainable housing in order to increase and improve the quality of life of the current and future generations is a serious matter, because today with the growing population, the need to build housing is increasing day by day. Therefore, achieving urban sustainable development and paying attention to sustainable housing can play a constructive role. In terms of social sustainability, sustainable housing is the one that, in addition to providing the necessary facilities and public services for a better human life, is in line with the culture, methods and traditions of its inhabitants and causes family stability, social growth, increasing the safety of people and specially to promote culture and peace of mind of family members. In this regard, the present study (with the aim of achieving indicators of sustainable social development) intends to study and compare indicators of social sustainability in two different residential contexts in Sabzevar city.
 
Methodology
The present research has been done in two old and new contexts of this city. The central context has a population of 14843 people (5011 families) and Tovhid town which is located 5 km away in the northern part of Sabzevar city has a population of 18239 people (4933 families). The present study is applied-developmental in term of type, the method of research is descriptive-analytical and carried out in survey method (questionnaire). The statistical population in this research is two old and new contexts of Sabzevar city. The sample size according to Cochran's formula was obtained 750 people and the number of samples for the old contexts was 374 and the new ones was 376 samples, which were completed and conducted by stratified random sampling method. Data were analyzed using the one-sample t-test, comparison of means, Pearson and Chi-square, and multivariate regression. The value of alpha for all indicators is equal to. 0.74 which indicates that this scale has appropriate reliability.
 
Results and discussion
The results show that the average score of the Housing Social Sustainability indicator in the central context is 2.924 and in Tovhid town is 3.206. Findings show that the average indicator of social sustainability of housing in the central context (old context) is significantly lower than average and in Tovhid town slightly higher than average. In other words, the indicators of social sustainability of housing in the Tovhid town are close to sustainability and are unsustainable in the central contexts. In the following, the two means are compared with the two assumptions of equality of variances and the assumption of inequality of variances. Given that the significance level of the F test is less than 0.05, the assumption of equality of variances is rejected. And since the level of significance in comparing the means with the assumption of inequality of variance is equal to zero and less than 0.05, it indicates that the difference between the two means is significant. Therefore, there is a significant difference between the studied contexts of Sabzevar city in terms of social sustainability of the residential environment. The results of the correlation coefficient show that there is a significant positive relationship between household income/ occupation/ length of stay/ ownership and housing social sustainability indicator in both the central context and Tovhid town. There is a significant negative relationship between education level and social sustainability indicator of housing in the central context. Thus, it can be said that people with higher education have more knowledge and information about the quality of municipal services as well as citizenship rights, and as a result, they expect to get more benefit from these services. Using the combined multiple regression model, the factors and indicators affecting the social sustainability of the two residential contexts were identified. The results indicate that the nine indicators included in the model, explain 72% of the changes in the dependent variable (social sustainability). In the central context, the Beta values (​in the above table) show that the security indicator has the greatest impact on the old social sustainability of Sabzevar (central) and after these, the indicators of housing quality and identity, in the second and third priority, will also have increasing effects on the social sustainability of the central context. In the new context, the Beta values ​​ (in the above table) show that the participation indicator has the greatest impact on the social sustainability of the new context of Sabzevar (Tovhid town), and after these identity and access to services indicators, in the second and third priority, will also have increasing effects on the social sustainability of the new context.
 
Conclusion
The results obtained in the studied contexts show that the two central and new residential contexts of Sabzevar are not the same in terms of social sustainability indicators. Indicators of place attachment and identity in the central context are more desirable than the new context. the security indicator is not appropriate in any of the contexts. Citizen health in the new context is more desirable due to cleaner air, lack of noise pollution and wider parks. This last indicator has made the residents of the town more cheerful. The housing quality indicator in Tovhid town is considered more desirable than the central context and in general, the average score of social sustainability in the new context is higher than the old one. Also, the results of multivariate regression in the central context show that the security indicator has the greatest impact on the social sustainability of that context and in the new context, the participation indicator has the greatest impact on the social sustainability of that context. Therefore, in order to achieve social sustainability of the two studied context, the two indicators of security and participation have an important place.
 
 

Keywords

References

  1. برزگر، صادق و قربانی، علیرضا (1398) واکاوی رضایت‌مندی پروژه مسکن مهر از منظر پایداری اجتماعی نمونه مطالعاتی: مسکن مهرشهر گرگان، فصلنامه جامعه‌شناسی مسائل اجتماعی ایران، سال 8، شماره 1، صص.80-62.
  2. بهزادپور، محمد؛ غیاثوند، ابوالفضل؛ منتظر، بهناز (1398) مطالعه تطبیقی مؤلفه‌های کالبدی پایداری اجتماعی در محلات قدیم و جدید شهری مطالعه موردی: شهر قدیم و جدید هشتگرد، فصلنامه معماری شهر پایدار، سال 7، شماره 1، صص.196-177.
  3. جمعه پور، محمد و ابراهیمی، اکبر (1394) سنجش و ارزیابی اصول پایداری اجتماعی در مجتمع‌های مسکونی، فصلنامه مطالعات جامعه‌شناختی شهری، سال 5، شماره 16 صص.30-10.
  4. جوان مجیدی، جواد؛ مسعود، محمد؛ مطلبی، قاسم (1397) ارزیابی سطح پایداری اجتماعی در بافت‌های تاریخی شهری، مطالعه موردی: شهر اردبیل، فصلنامه شهر پایدار، دوره 1، شماره 4 صص.36-19.
  5. چاره‌جو، فرزین؛ حسینی، سید صالح (1394) بررسی نقش مؤلفه‌های پایداری اجتماعی در توسعه پایدار شهری، اولین کنفرانس ملی مهندسی عمران، بندر انزلی، صص 81-70.
  6. حافظی فر، مریم؛ حبیب، فرح؛ ذبیحی، حسین (1398) تحلیل تفسیری ساختاری معیارها و شاخص‌های پایداری اجتماعی در محلات شهری، نمونه موردی: محلات شهر اردبیل، فصلنامه جغرافیا و توسعه، دوره17، شماره 57، صص. 48-31.
  7. دویران، اسماعیل (1399) سنجش زیست پذیری بافت‌های شهری با تأکید بر پایداری اجتماعی، مطالعه موردی: محلات اسکان غیررسمی شهر همدان، دو فصلنامه جغرافیای اجتماعی شهرها، دوره 7، شماره 1. صص. 64-47.
  8. حسینی، سید هادی (1397) تحلیل و ارزیابی سطح پایداری اجتماعی در شهر نوشهر، فصلنامه جغرافیا و پایداری محیط، دوره 4، شماره 21، صص. 71-57.
  9. رضوانی، محمدرضا؛ مطیعی لنگرودی، سید حسن؛ پورطاهری، مهدی؛ عزیزی، فاطمه (1394) مهاجرپذیری و توسعه پایدار اجتماعی در مناطق روستایی، مطالعه موردی: روستاهای مهاجرپذیر منطقه کلان‌شهری تهران، فصلنامه برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای، دوره 5، شماره 19، صص. 84-71.
  10. زارع شاه‌آبادی، اکبر؛ حاجی‌زاده میمندی، مسعود؛ زارع بیدکی، خدیجه (1392) سنجش پایداری اجتماعی در بین محله‌های قدیم و جدید شهر یزد، مطالعات جامعه‌شناختی شهری، سال 3، شماره 7، صص. 134-105.
  11. زیاری، کرامت اله؛ فرهادی خواه، حسین؛ آروین، محمود (1395) سنجش پایداری اجتماعی محله‌ای، مطالعه موردی: محله سنگلج و ضرابخانه شهر تهران، فصلنامه برنامه‌ریزی سکونتگاه‌های انسانی، سال11، شماره 36. صص. 15-1.
  12. سجادی قائم‌مقامی، پروین؛ پوردیهمی، شهرام؛ ضرغامی، اسماعیل (1389) اصول پایداری اجتماعی در مجتمع‌های مسکونی. فصلنامه صفه، دوره 20، شماره 51، صص. 88-51.
  13. عبدالله زاده، سیده مهسا؛ ارژمند، محمود و امین پور، احمد (1392) ابعاد پایداری اجتماعی در کالبد محله‌های سنتی ایران، نمونه موردی: محله سنگ سیاه شیراز، فصلنامه معماری و شهرسازی آرمانشهر، دوره 10، شماره 19، صص. 54-35.
  14. علوی، حسام‌الدین؛ فلاح، امیر مسعود؛ نبی میبدی، مسعود ( 1394) بررسی پایداری اجتماعی در مجتمع‌های مسکونی بلندمرتبه نمونه موردی: فاز 1 شهرک اکباتان و شهرک کوثر، سومین کنگره بین‌المللی عمران ، معماری و توسعه شهری، تهران، صص. 108-91.
  15. مرکز آمار ایران (1395) سرشماری نفوس و مسکن، بلوک‌های آماری، شهر سبزوار.
  16. معینی فر، مریم و گروسی، سارا (1394) بررسی شاخص‌های مسکن پایدار با تمرکز بر پایداری اجتماعی، نمونه موردی محله آخوند شهر قزوین، اولین همایش ملی توسعه پایدار شهری، قزوین، صص. 59-45.
  17. مهندسین مشاور پرداراز(1391) طرح توسعه و عمران شهر سبزوار.
  18. میکائیل زاده، مجتبی؛ وزیری، وحید؛ باقری، محمد (1392) بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر پایداری اجتماعی در مسکن. اولین همایش ملی معماری، مرمت، شهرسازی و محیط‌زیست پایدار، تهران، صص 15-1.
  19. هادیزاده زرگر، صادق و نسترن، مهین (1392) سنجش پایداری اجتماعی در سطح محلات دریا دل، گوهرشاد و شاهد شهر مشهد. فصلنامه جغرافیا و توسعه ناحیه‌ای، سال11، شماره21، صص. 173-155.
  20. Abdolahzadeh, S.M. & Arezoumand, M. & Aminpoor, A. (2017) Social Sustainability in Iran Traditional Neighborhoods, Case Study: Shiraz SangeSiyah Neighborhood. Armanshahr Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning, Vol. 10, No.19, 35-54. [In Persian].
  21. Alavi, H. & Fallah, A.M. & Nabi Meybodi, M. (2015) Investigation of social sustainability in high-rise residential complexes (Case study: Phase 1 of Ekbatan and Kosar). 3rd International Congress of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Development, Tehran, pp. 91-108. [In Persian].
  22. Alexandra, N. (2015) Livability and LEED-ND: The Challenges and Successes of Sustainable Neighborhood Rating Systems, UC Berkeley. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48k1c29c, pp.1-192.
  23. Barzegar, S. & Ghorbani, A.R. (2019) Satisfaction survey of Mehr housing project from the perspective of social sustainability case study: Mehr housing in Gorgan, Journal of the society of Iran's social problems, Vol. 8, No.1, 62-80. [In Persian].
  24. Behzadpour, M. & Ghiasvand, A. & Montazer, B. (2019) A Comparative Study of the Physical Components of Social Sustainability in Old and New Towns (Case Study: Old and New Town of Hashtgerd), Journal of sustainable architecture and urban design, Vol. 7, No.1, pp. 177-196. [In Persian].
  25. Bramley, G. (2006) What is social sustainability and how do our existing urban forms perform in nurturing it. In sustainable communities and green futures Conference, Bartlett school of planning, London: University college London, pp.1-41.
  26. Charehjou, F. & Hosseini, S.S. (2015) Investigating the role of social sustainability components in sustainable urban development. The first national conference of civil engineering of Bandar Anzali, pp.70-81. [In Persian].
  27. Colantonio, Andrea. (2008) Social Sustainability: Linking Research to Policy and Practice. Working paper, Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development, Oxford Brookes University, pp.1-18.
  28. Daviran, S. (2020) Assessment of urban textiles viability with emphasis on social sustainability, a case study: Informal settlements in Hamadan, Bi-Quarterly Journal of Social Geography of Cities, Vol. 7, No.1, 47-64. [In Persian].
  29. Eizenberg , Efrat & Jabareen , Yosef. (2017) Social Sustainability: A New Conceptual Framework. Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, , Vol. 9, No. 68, pp.1-16.
  30. European Institute for Urban Affairs. (eds) (2007) The COMPETE Network: Final Report Messages for Competitive European Cities" European Institute for Urban Affairs, Liverpool, pp.1-16.
  31. Faruq, Ibnul Haqi. (2016) Sustainable Urban Development and Social Sustainability in the Urban Context, EMARA Indonesian Journal of Architecture, Vol. 2, No.1, pp.21-26.
  32. Federico, Caprotti. & Ziyue, Gong. (2017) Social sustainability and residents' experiences in a new chinese ecocity, Habitat International, Vol. 68, No.1, pp.45-54.
  33. Gates, R. & lee, M. (2005) Defnition of social sustainability". Director of social Planning, in consultation with the manager of the sustainability group Policy report and social development to vancouver city council, Vol. 9, No.3, pp.1-6.
  34. Hadizadeh, S. & Nastaran, M. (2014) The evaluation of social sustainability in Daryadel, Goharshad and Shahed Districts in Mashhad City. Journal of Geography & Regional Development, Vol. 11, No.21, 155-173. [In Persian].
  35. Hafezifar, M. & Habib, F. & Zabihi, H. (2020) Interpretive- structural analysis of criteria and indices of social sustainability in urban neighborhoods (Case study: neighborhoods of Ardibi city), Journal of geography and development, Vol.17, No.57, pp.31-48. [In Persian].
  36. Hosseini, S. H. (2018) Analysis and evaluation of the level of social sustainability in the city of Nowshahr, Journal of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, Vol.4, No.21, pp. 57-71. [In Persian].
  37. James, Hale. & Katharine, Legun. & Hugh, Campbell. & Michael, Carolan. (2019) Social ustainability indicators as performance, Geoforum, , Vol.103, No.2, pp.47–55.
  38. Javan Majidi, J. & Masoud, M. & Motallebi, G. (2019) Evaluation of the Level of Social Sustainability in Urban Historical Contexts (Case Study: Ardabil City), Journal of Sustainable city, Vol. 1, No.4, pp. 19-36. [In Persian].
  39. Jomehpour, M. & Ebrahimi, A. (2014) The measurement and evaluation of the components of social sustainability in apartment complexes. Urban Sociological, Vol.5, No.16, pp.10-30. [In Persian].
  40. Jubril, Olakitan Atanda. (2019) Developing a social sustainability assessment framework, Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol.44, No.1, pp.237–252 .
  41. Kytta, M. & Broberg, A. & Haybatollahi, H. (2015) Context – sensitive study of the social sustainability of urban setting. Environment and plannning, Vol. 43, No.5, 34-57.
  42. Mikaelzadeh, M. & Vaziri, V. & Bagheri, M. (2013) Investigating the factors affecting social sustainability in housing. First National Conference on Architecture, Restoration, Urban Planning and Sustainable Environment, Tehran, pp.1-15. [In Persian].
  43. Moeini Far, M. & Garousi, S. (2015) A Survey of Sustainable Housing Indicators Focusing on Social Stability: A Case Study of Akhund Neighborhood in Qazvin. First National Conference on Sustainable Urban Development, Qazvin, pp. 45-59. [In Persian].
  44. Murphy, K. (2012) The Social Pillar of Sustainable Development: A Literature Review and Framework for Policy Analysis. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, Vol.8, No.1, pp.15-29.
  45. Pardaraz Consulting Engineers (2012) Sabzevar City Development Plan. [In Persian].
  46. Rezvani, M. R. & Motiee Langroudi, S. H. & Pour Taheri, M. & Azizi, F. (2015) Immigration and Sustainable Social development in rural areas (Case study: Immigrant villages in the metropolitan area of Tehran), Regional Planning, Vol.5, No.19, pp.71- 84. [In Persian].
  47. Saffron, Woodcraft. (2012) Social Sustainability and New Communities: Moving from concept to practice in the UK, ASIA Pacific International Conference on Environment-Behavior Studies Mercure Le Sphinx Cairo Hotel. Giza, Egypt, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 68, No.1, pp.29- 42.
  48. Sajjadi Ghaem maghami, P. & Pourdeyhami, Sh. & Zarghami, E. (2011) Principles of social sustainability in residential complexes, Scientific Journal of Soffeh, Vol. 20, No.51, pp.51-88. [In Persian].
  49. Statistics Center of Iran (2016) Population and Housing Census, Statistical Blocks, Sabzevar. [In Persian].
  50. Thin, N.X. & Arlt, G. & Heber, B. & Hennersdorf, J. & Lehmann, I. (2002) Evaluation of urban land-use structures with a view to sustainable development, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Vol.22, No.2, pp.475-492.
  51. Trina, Lamanes. & Leith, Deacon. (2019) Supporting social sustainability in resource-based, communities through leisure and recreation, Geographe canadien, 63, No.1, pp.145–158.
  52. Vallance, Suzanne, C. & Perkins, Harvey. & Jennifer, E. Dixon. (2011) What is social sustainability? A clarification of concepts, Geoforum, Vol. 42, No.3, pp. 342-348
  53. Weingaertner, C. & Moberg, A. (2011) Exploring Social Sustainability: Learning from Perspective on Urban Development and Companies and Products, Sustainable Development, Vol. 22, No.2, 122-133.
  54. Yu, Tao. & Qiping, Shen. & Geoffrey, Shi. & Qian, Zheng. & Helen, Wei. & Wang, Ge. & Xu, Kexi. (2017) Evaluating social sustainability of urban housing demolition in Shanghai. China, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.153, No.1, pp.26-40.
  55. Zare Shahabadi, A. & Hajizadeh Meimandi, M. & Zare Bidaki, K. (2013) Measuring social sustainability new and old neighborhoods in the city of Yazd, Journal of Urban Sociological Studies, Vol. 3, No.7, pp 105-134. [In Persian].
  56. Zyari, K. & Farhadikhah, H. & Arvin, M. (2016) On the Evaluation of Neighborhood's Social Sustainability (Case study: Sanglaj and Zarrabkhaneh Neighborhoods of Tehran), Planning Studies for Human Settlements, Vol.11, No.36, pp.1-15. [In Persian].
Sustainable city
Volume 4, Issue 3
October 2021
Pages 55-68

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics