The purpose of this research was to advocate for the creation of child-friendly spaces in the Sardaran neighborhood of Urmia, which holds a traditional and historical significance. Using the "right to the city" model, the study recognizes that the presence and interaction of different age and user groups (commercial, residential, religious, office) are crucial for improving the quality of spaces. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of the research method and practical in its purpose. The research sample consists of 135 observations selected from 4 different land uses that comprise the most significant percentage of existing land uses in the Sardaran neighborhood. The collected data is categorized into spatial arrangement models, questionnaire responses, and field impressions. The spatial layout model involves extracting the overall depth map from the axial map of the area. By analyzing the topological relations, the continuity and integrity of the area's accesses were represented in maps. The research results indicate that local access areas such as Sahaba, shishegarkhaneh, and Heshmati Alley have the highest connectivity (10) and strong connections with the immediate neighborhood. The information collected suggests that real estate plots in these areas have great potential for development. There is also a focus on promoting child-friendly spaces to cater to the interests of all age groups in the neighborhood. This includes enhancing neighborhood spatial relations, encompassing residential and commercial spaces, to foster social interactions among residents of all ages despite the limited local facilities.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The Sardaran neighborhood in Urmia is an old neighborhood where many residents have left due to the lack of facilities and services, as well as the influence of commercial users. Residential units, especially on the edges of the neighborhood, have turned into warehouses and workshops, while some housing units have been destroyed and abandoned, leading to an increase in social issues such as addiction and crime. Access design and the dominance of commercial use have limited the presence and interactions of local communities, especially children. As a result, there is a lack of urban equipment and services for the neighborhood residents, particularly children. This study aims to address these issues by promoting spatial communication and creating connections between local users and communities, focusing on the presence of children. The research emphasizes the importance of participation from all neighborhood members and aims to explore the relationship between the presence of children, the dominant uses of the neighborhood, and its organic and historical spaces.
 
Methodology
The current study uses a descriptive-analytical research method. It aims to gather data from 207 urban plots in the Sardaran neighborhood. A statistical sample was taken from 4 types of land use: residential (53.62%), commercial (39.61%), administrative (1.93%), and religious (1.44%). As per Cochran's formula, the sample size for the current research is 135. The statistical sample for this research is selected from the most significant number of neighborhood users. The sample is distributed among different categories based on the data percentages as follows: residential use (72, including parents and various age groups), commercial use (53), office and administrative use (5), and religious use (5). The data collected for the research hypotheses are divided into three categories. Data on the spatial plan model: utilizing the axial map for overall depth mapping.-  Gathering questionnaire data: collecting qualitative information on direct population opinions;- Spatial data extracted from the questionnaire and field survey.
 
Results and discussion
The area has been analyzed using various maps to assess its integrity and connectivity. On a regional scale, Montazeri, Motahari, Imam Khomeini, and Bagheri streets have high integrity (1.258). Our study block is located locally adjacent to Imam Khomeini Street, where Atai, Imam, and Shishgarkhana streets have the highest integrity (1.09). In the 4th district, streets like Imam, Motahari, Bagheri, and Sheikh Shelto show the highest connectivity. In the Sardaran neighborhood, near Imam Street, Sahaba Alley has the highest connectivity (10), followed by Shishgarkhana, with the highest accessibility connectivity. The correlation ratio between neighborhood roads and neighborhood integrity, known as R2, has been investigated and analyzed. In the studied area, the R2 value is 0.52, which is closer to 1 and indicates a high understanding of the roads by the residents.
Additionally, beyond achieving the main research goal of creating child-friendly spaces, this study highlights the shift from considering this goal optional to viewing it as necessary. It emphasizes that the responsibility for providing such spaces lies with the neighborhood users rather than urban management agents. The presence of children and teenagers in the neighborhood has proven to be beneficial for all users, leading to their full cooperation and participation in maintaining this presence. In the short term, the designated areas serve as population hubs due to the presence of children and local communities.
 
Conclusion
Based on the information gathered, Shishegarkhana, Ataei, and Imam Streets have the highest commercial integration, with office users in these areas. Residential and local users are situated in areas with lower integration, in private or semi-private settings. Additionally, Sahaba Street and Shishegarkhana Street are highly connected within the neighborhood, indicating strong links to nearby areas. These findings align well with the spatial data from the questionnaire, suggesting that the green spaces located on Sahaba Street, Shishegarkhana Street, and Heshmati Street in the Sardaran neighborhood have the most significant potential for creating and enhancing child-oriented spaces.
Even if these places do not have any furniture specifically for children, people of all ages, especially children, still visit. This presence benefits the residents of the area. This presence and interest will naturally grow over time without additional measures, and the activity and presence of each neighborhood group and user in this silent model are justified for the city. In addition, in the three identified areas, it has been suggested that the appeal of these places be increased by installing furniture suitable for all age groups and suitable lighting for children's entertainment.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
 We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.