شناسایی پیامدهای مالی و اقتصادیِ پراکنش افقی شهری بر مدیریت شهری

نوع مقاله : مقاله مستخرج از رساله دکتری

نویسندگان

1 گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 گروه مدیریت سرزمین، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه تهران(دانشکدگان فارابی)، تهران، ایران

10.22034/jsc.2024.339184.1614

چکیده

این پژوهش در پی یافتن پیامدهای مالی و اقتصادی پراکنش شهری بر مدیریت شهری است. برای این منظور از رویکرد تفسیری و روش نظام‌مند فراترکیب بهره می‌برد. جامعه آماری، یافته‌های سایر پژوهشگران در حیطه مالیه‌یِ پراکنش شهری در بازه 2022-1970 میلادی است. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار MAXQDA کدگذاری و تفسیر شده‌اند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که منافع مالی و اقتصادی ناشی از پراکنش شهری در 7 دسته «درآمد املاک و مستغلات؛ درآمد کسب‌وکار، فروش و خدمات؛ کمک‌های حکومتی؛ کاهش هزینه امنیت؛ کاهش هزینه محیط‌زیست و خدمات شهری؛ کاهش هزینه کالبدی و شهرسازی؛ و کاهش هزینه حمل‌ونقل و ترافیک» قرار می‌گیرد. اما هزینه‌های ناشی از پراکنش شهری شامل «هزینه اجتماعی و فرهنگی؛ هزینه حمل‌ونقل و ترافیک؛ هزینه‌های کالبدی و شهرسازی؛ هزینه محیط‌زیست و خدمات شهری؛ هزینه خدمات جاری و اداری؛ هزینه امنیت و خدمات اضطراری» است. بیشتر محققان اذعان داشته‌اند که پراکنش، هزینه‌های به‌مراتب بیشتری به نسبت منافع مالی و اقتصادی آن برای شهر در پی دارد که عمده هزینه‌ها در بخش‌های محیط‌زیست و خدمات شهری و همچنین حمل‌ونقل و ترافیک انجام می‌شود. در مورد منافع پراکنش شهری پژوهشگران بر منافع ناشی از املاک و مستغلات تأکید کرده‌اند. در بسیاری از شهرهای جهان ازجمله شهرهای کشورهای درحال‌توسعه، مالکیت گسترده زمین شهری و دارایی‌های فیزیکی موجود در آن، به این معنی است که مالیات و عوارض بر آن‌ها می‌تواند درآمدهای عمومی را به شکل قابل‌توجهی افزایش دهد که با افزایش بهره‌وری شهرها می‌تواند همچنان افزایش یابد. به نظر می‌رسد تا زمانی که تغییری اساسی در ساختار مالی مدیریت شهری ایجاد نشود؛ روند پراکنش شهری امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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مجله شهر پایدار
دوره 6، شماره 4
دی 1402
صفحه 1-25

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