A B S T R A C T
Smart and resilient cities are two different concepts, but they can be combined to improve citizens' lives in the face of various challenges. therefore, in the present study, the factors influencing the formation of a smart city based on infrastructural resilience were examined. Data collection was carried out using a library method and a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using factor analysis and multivariate regression testing in SPSS software and structural equation modeling in the IMOS software environment. The results of the factor analysis showed that utilizing smart energy-based infrastructures to reduce vulnerability is the first factor in forming a smart city based on infrastructural resilience in Ahvaz. Also, factors such as infrastructure and social capital, smart urban infrastructure management, and smart and integrated management of information infrastructure for realizing a resilient smart city have been ranked second to fourth, respectively. The results also showed that the 6 extracted factors of infrastructure resilience account for 0.723 percent of the variance of the smart city variable; utility and energy infrastructure affects the realization of a smart city by 53.7 percent, institutional-management infrastructure by 63.1 percent, and social infrastructure by 27.3 percent. Smartization of rescue and relief services such as firefighting, construction of smart routes for special vehicles and service providers, optimal planning of smart neighborhoods based on social capital, and smart and integrated management of information, energy, and utility infrastructure are among the suggestions presented based on the results of the research.
Extended abstract
Introduction
Today, the smart city is a potential strategy and process for effective urban development that can lead to solving a wide range of current urban issues, including population growth, land use, urban infrastructure, traffic, and urban congestion, etc., which is of interest to many countries the world is also placed. Also, on the other hand, due to the increase in population and the subsequent accumulation of sensitive, vital, and important assets and infrastructures in cities, ensuring the security of cities and strengthening the resilience and stability of cities to continue providing services to citizens in order to improve the living quality of urbanization and provide security is very important, especially in times of crisis. Based on the mentioned cases, it can be said that today, smart cities are a potential strategy and process for urban development, and dealing with urban crises can lead to solving a wide range of current urban problems. However, resilience is a crucial concept that cities must adopt. It prepared for crises and accidents. Therefore, in the current research, the factors that influence the formation of a smart city based on infrastructure resilience have been investigated.
 
Methodology
This research was applied, and its method was based on descriptive analysis. The required data were collected through library studies and field surveys and were analyzed using the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods. The statistical community included experts and experts related to the research subject; the sample size was 100 people (minimum quorum for descriptive analysis), which was calculated according to the Delphi method and systematically and purposefully based on their work records related to resilience. The questionnaire data were extracted with the help of exploratory factor analysis in the SPSS software environment and then analyzed through the multivariate regression test. Then, the structural equation modeling of the data was drawn in the AMOS software environment.
Results and discussion
The exploratory factor analysis method was used to interpret 31 smart city variables based on infrastructural resilience. The results of this study showed that the factor of utilizing smart energy-oriented infrastructures in order to reduce vulnerability with 18.73% accounted for the highest percentage of the variance of realizing a smart city based on infrastructural resilience. The factor of realizing a resilient smart city based on infrastructure and social capital, smart urban infrastructure management, smart and integrated management of information infrastructure, smart energy management, and smart infrastructure efficiency to provide services during disasters, respectively, with allocation 14.59, 11.507, 10.957, 9.231 and 6.98 percent of the variance of the second to sixth place have been assigned to them.
 
Conclusion
The confirmatory factor analysis results, with the help of structural equation modeling, also showed that the extracted 6 factors of infrastructural resilience accounted for 0.723% of the variance of the smart city in Ahvaz. The evaluation of the smart city based on its utility and energy infrastructure, institutional management infrastructure, and social infrastructure revealed the following results:
- The utility and energy infrastructure contributes 53.7% to the realization of the smart city;
- The institutional management infrastructure accounts for 63.1% of the realization;
- The social infrastructure has a lesser impact, contributing only 27.3% to the realization of the smart city.
Concerning infrastructural resilience for the realization of a smart city, attention to smart infrastructure management based on updating and optimizing urban infrastructure, optimal and intelligent planning based on the management of telecommunications, information infrastructures, and smart infrastructures about growth and development using information and communication technology, paying attention to the social infrastructure based on the capacity of institutions, institutions and the capacity of systems in a city and smart infrastructure management with regard to the smartening of rescue services were important. In line with the aim of the research, the following suggestions could be made:
The existence of smart governance in Ahvaz based on the approach of strengthening urban infrastructure; explaining the development strategies of Ahvaz based on a resilient smart city with an emphasis on management and energy infrastructure; Smartening rescue and rescue services such as firefighting; building smart routes for the movement of special vehicles and service providers; optimal planning of smart neighborhoods based on social capital, etc.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.