A B S T R A C T
The purpose of this article is to investigate and design the optimal governance model of social capital in the formation of sustainable development of Hormozgan province. The research method is developmental in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data type with an exploratory approach and theme analysis. The community of participants included university experts, policy makers, managers and planners of Hormozgan province, which was 11 people using the purposeful sampling method and the principle of theoretical saturation. Data collection was done using semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using thematic analysis in "MAXQDA" software. In the analysis of the data obtained from the interview, it was found that in the field of causal factors, 28 open codes were classified into four central codes: "social participation, urban infrastructure facilities and equipment, social participation in creating social cohesion and social reorganization". In the field of contextual factors, 49 open codes were identified with key codes including the role of the government in sustainable development, the capacity of the province, the physical condition of the province and the role of urban service organizations such as the municipality and the city council. Identified leaders include social solidarity, avoiding holding various economic sectors, entrusting relevant activities to public institutions to attract their participation in activities, encouraging and strengthening the formation of civil institutions and its consequences also include improving the index of human development and intergenerational justice, good governance of The basis of social commitment, comprehensive growth and development of the province and facilitating the accumulation and attraction of financial and social capital were coded. Key factors including good governance, comprehensive sustainable development and social capital were introduced.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The current research, with the premise that effective and efficient provincial administration has a direct role in the efficiency of the entire system of the Islamic Republic, seeks to identify and explain the issues of administration and governance in Hormozgan province to take a step to empower the national administration and governance system. Although numerous case studies have been conducted on social capital and sustainable development in the country and Hormozgan province, the various economic, social, cultural, and even political and security aspects of the province are scattered and unsystematic and mainly cross-sectional or at different levels. Moreover, limited temporal and spatial domains have been studied. However, no comprehensive and complete work can study the optimal model of social capital governance in the formation of sustainable development in Hormozgan. The current research aims to present the optimal governance model of social capital in the formation of sustainable development of Hormozgan province.
 
Methodology
This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical. The research method is qualitative. Also, the statistical population is 18 academic experts, policymakers, managers, and planners of Hormozgan province, 11 of whom were selected using the snowball sampling method and the theoretical saturation point. The data collection tool was semi-structured qualitative interviews. Based on this, necessary qualitative data was collected through in-depth and exploratory interviews with experts and elites to identify the components above and indicators. The research data was analyzed through thematic analysis. In this plan, the steps of analyzing the collected qualitative data were done through open and axial coding. Considering that this research was intended to identify the main dimensions and related components, in the open coding stage, the concepts were identified and expanded according to their characteristics. In this regard, interpretive analysis of interviews or MAXQDA software is used (the order depends on the volume of interviews to create theoretical saturation).
 
Results and discussion
In the field of causal factors, 28 free codes were classified into four paradigm codes as "social participation, urban infrastructure facilities and equipment, social participation in creating social cohesion, and social reorganization." In the field of contextual factors, 49 free codes were identified with paradigm codes, including the role of the government in sustainable development, the capacity of the province, the physical condition of the province, and the role of urban service organizations such as the municipality and the city council. In the following, it was found that in the field of intervening factors, 28 free codes include paradigm codes including norms; the values and beliefs are decentralized planning in the province, resistance to changes and emerging values, and the chaotic economic situation of the province. Identified guidelines include social solidarity, avoiding holding various economic sectors, entrusting relevant activities to public institutions to attract their participation in activities, encouraging and strengthening the formation of civil institutions and its consequences, including improving the index of human development and intergenerational justice, and good governance. Based on social commitment, all-round growth and development of the province and facilitating the accumulation and attraction of financial and social capital were coded. Key factors were introduced, including good governance, comprehensive sustainable development, and social and civil capital.
 
Conclusion
Various models in managing cities and the difference between these two ideas can be attributed to the power, influence, and competence of the three elements of the government, the private sector, and the public sector (society) in the urban society. The focus of the idea of governance is a group of factors outside the official government organizations, with a major emphasis on network and collaborative processes. In this model, network structures replace the political-administrative systems from top to bottom of the city government, and within the networks, other than the political-administrative system, other actors from the private and voluntary sectors and cooperative organizations enter the system. In the end, it is suggested that gaining the trust of citizens from the municipality through equal treatment with all clients in the application of rules and regulations and avoiding giving any special privileges to specific persons, actualizing citizens' opinions, observing ethical principles, and avoiding from any rules of the game, managers and officials of the city should be prepared to accept criticism. Finally, according to the investigations carried out in this research, it was found that most of the respondents are not very familiar with their rights and duties, and most of them stated that their most important duty as a citizen is the cleanliness of the city. Therefore, citizenship education and familiarizing citizens with the concept of citizen, as well as their rights, duties, and responsibilities, play an important role in increasing citizen participation.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.