انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایران مجله شهر پایدار 2476-6631 6 4 2023 12 23 Identifying the Financial and Economic Consequences of Urban Sprawl on Urban Management شناسایی پیامدهای مالی و اقتصادیِ پراکنش افقی شهری بر مدیریت شهری 1 25 193657 10.22034/jsc.2024.339184.1614 FA مهران حاجی لو گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران ابوالفضل مشکینی گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران صفر قائد رحمتی گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران محمد میره ای گروه مدیریت سرزمین، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه تهران(دانشکدگان فارابی)، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2023 07 25 A B S T R A C T This study seeks to find the financial and economic consequences of urban sprawl on urban management. For this purpose, it uses an interpretive approach and a systematic Meta-synthesis method. The statistical population is the findings of other researchers in the field of urban sprawl in the period 1970-2022. The data were encoded and interpreted using MAXQDA software. The results show that the financial and economic benefits of urban sprawl fall into seven categories: 'real Estate Income; business, sales and services; government subsidies; reduction in security costs; reduction in the cost of environment and urban services; reduction in physical costs and urban development; and reduction in the cost of transportation and traffic. But the costs of urban sprawl include "social and cultural costs; transportation and traffic costs; physical and urban development costs; environmental and urban services costs; current and administrative services costs; security and emergency services costs”. Most researchers have acknowledged that the sprawl costs far more than the financial and economic benefits to the city, with most of the costs being borne by the environment and urban services, as well as transportation and traffic. Regarding the benefits of urban sprawl, researchers have emphasized the benefits of real estate. In many cities around the world, including cities in developing countries, extensive urban land ownership and physical assets mean that taxes and charges on them can significantly increase public revenues, which can continue to increase as urban productivity increases. It seems that until there is not a fundamental change in the financial structure of urban management; the process of urban sprawl is inevitable Extended Abstract Introduction International literature on urban sprawl mainly emphasizes its environmental, social and economic effects on urban areas. Many studies have dealt with the environmental effects of urban sprawl. From a theoretical and empirical point of view, there are no clear answers about the impact of urban sprawl on the finances of municipalities and local governments. From a theoretical point of view, the potential impact of sprawl on the financial balance of local governments is unclear. On the one hand, municipalities can obtain more resources through construction, local economic activities, and property taxes. On the other hand, the cost of providing services and improving infrastructure can be incremental, thus significantly reducing productivity in sprawled areas. The available empirical literature shows that low-density areas have a negative impact on local service costs and financial stability, but at the same time, population attraction and construction activities can increase financial revenues. Researchers have examined the effects of different densities and urban developments and spatial patterns and have shown that revenue growth is associated with population growth and density, but the relationship between these variables is clearly dependent on local factors, such as local economic structure and urban service scope, and the conclusions may vary considerably from place to place. Therefore, considering the importance of the subject, this study intends to identify and draw the financial and economic consequences of urban sprawl in the revenue structure and expenditures of the municipalities using a Meta-synthesis approach and systematic review of research literature. In this research, two years are proposed that: 1- What are the financial and economic benefits of urban management due to urban sprawl? 1- What are the financial and economic costs of urban management due to urban sprawl? Methodology For this purpose, it uses an interpretive approach and a systematic Meta-synthesis method. The statistical population is the findings of other researchers in the field of urban sprawl in the period 1970-2022. The sampling method is systematic and the benefits and costs of horizontal urban distribution in the form of categories have been extracted by carefully studying 79 scientific sources out of 148 sources reviewed based on the title, abstract and content analysis. Data were coded and interpreted using MAXQDA ANALYTICS PRO 2020 software. In order to evaluate the reliability and quality control of the findings, an excellent agreement was reached between the two evaluators based on the index of "two coders". Results and discussion Based on sources, 434 primary codes have been reviewed and extracted. Of these codes, 86 codes were identified in a more abstract step in the form of important and selective categories for the financial and economic benefits of horizontal urban distribution. Through 3 categories "real estate, business, sales and services, government subsidies" to increase revenue and 4 categories "security, environment and urban services, physical and urban planning, transportation and traffic" to reduce costs, the first question was answered. But to answer the second question, the 348 codes were categorized into six categories: "social and cultural costs, transportation and traffic costs, physical and urban development costs, environmental and urban services costs, current and administrative services costs, security and emergency services costs". Based on the literature on the urban sprawl, most researchers have acknowledged that the urban sprawl costs far more than its financial and economic benefits to the city. Conclusion Most researchers have acknowledged that the sprawl costs far more than the financial and economic benefits to the city, with most of the costs being borne by the environment and urban services, as well as transportation and traffic. Regarding the benefits of urban sprawl, researchers have emphasized the benefits of real estate. In many cities around the world, including cities in developing countries, extensive urban land ownership and physical assets mean that taxes and charges on them can significantly increase public revenues, which can continue to increase as urban productivity increases. It seems that until there is not a fundamental change in the financial structure of urban management; the process of urban sprawl is inevitable. A review of the literature related to urban sprawl in Iran shows that researchers have mostly focused on urban distribution in different cities and no research has yet examined the financial and economic effects of urban distribution in Iranian cities. Most international researches have been done in developed countries with different urban management structures from Iran. Most of these researches have introduced the form of compact growth as an effective strategy by considering the costs of urban sprawl. Given the relatively high rate of urbanization in Iran and the horizontal expansion of many large cities and metropolises in recent years, a careful study of the financial and economic effects of urban sprawl on urban management and municipal budgets can help clarify this issue in the literature. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. این پژوهش در پی یافتن پیامدهای مالی و اقتصادی پراکنش شهری بر مدیریت شهری است. برای این منظور از رویکرد تفسیری و روش نظام‌مند فراترکیب بهره می‌برد. جامعه آماری، یافته‌های سایر پژوهشگران در حیطه مالیه‌یِ پراکنش شهری در بازه 2022-1970 میلادی است. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار MAXQDA کدگذاری و تفسیر شده‌اند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که منافع مالی و اقتصادی ناشی از پراکنش شهری در 7 دسته «درآمد املاک و مستغلات؛ درآمد کسب‌وکار، فروش و خدمات؛ کمک‌های حکومتی؛ کاهش هزینه امنیت؛ کاهش هزینه محیط‌زیست و خدمات شهری؛ کاهش هزینه کالبدی و شهرسازی؛ و کاهش هزینه حمل‌ونقل و ترافیک» قرار می‌گیرد. اما هزینه‌های ناشی از پراکنش شهری شامل «هزینه اجتماعی و فرهنگی؛ هزینه حمل‌ونقل و ترافیک؛ هزینه‌های کالبدی و شهرسازی؛ هزینه محیط‌زیست و خدمات شهری؛ هزینه خدمات جاری و اداری؛ هزینه امنیت و خدمات اضطراری» است. بیشتر محققان اذعان داشته‌اند که پراکنش، هزینه‌های به‌مراتب بیشتری به نسبت منافع مالی و اقتصادی آن برای شهر در پی دارد که عمده هزینه‌ها در بخش‌های محیط‌زیست و خدمات شهری و همچنین حمل‌ونقل و ترافیک انجام می‌شود. در مورد منافع پراکنش شهری پژوهشگران بر منافع ناشی از املاک و مستغلات تأکید کرده‌اند. در بسیاری از شهرهای جهان ازجمله شهرهای کشورهای درحال‌توسعه، مالکیت گسترده زمین شهری و دارایی‌های فیزیکی موجود در آن، به این معنی است که مالیات و عوارض بر آن‌ها می‌تواند درآمدهای عمومی را به شکل قابل‌توجهی افزایش دهد که با افزایش بهره‌وری شهرها می‌تواند همچنان افزایش یابد. به نظر می‌رسد تا زمانی که تغییری اساسی در ساختار مالی مدیریت شهری ایجاد نشود؛ روند پراکنش شهری امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر است.

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انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایران مجله شهر پایدار 2476-6631 6 4 2023 12 23 Environmental Impact Assessment of Urban Footpaths by Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix Method the Case Study of Shiraz Health Footpath سنجش اثرات زیست‌محیطی پیاده‌راه‌های شهری با روش ماتریس ارزیابی سریع اثرات مطالعه موردی: پیاده‌راه سلامت شیراز 27 45 185825 10.22034/jsc.2023.370294.1667 FA سیده فاطمه حسینی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران مهسا شعله گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران 0000-0001-7559-4614 علیرضا صادقی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران 0000-0002-0047-7533 زهرا مکتبی فرد گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران Journal Article 2022 07 25 A B S T R A C T The expansion of construction and industrial activities in the city has caused increased waste, problems, and numerous environmental effects. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out environmental impact assessments before implementing any urban project. In this research, the evaluation of the environmental effects of urban footpaths has been done with the rapid impact assessment matrix method. In the mentioned method, after identifying the activities of the proposed plan, their impact on each of the four dimensions, "physical-chemical," "biological-ecological," "social-cultural," and "economic-technical," is identified in two phases of construction and operation. However in the current research, to clarify and limit the dimensions, the activities of the proposed plan are examined in two dimensions "social-cultural" and "ecological-biological." For this purpose, after library studies and field observations, some urban experts selected the most important "social-cultural" and "biological-ecological" environmental factors in the Shiraz Health footpath and scored the footpath in two phases of construction and operation using the criteria of rapid impact assessment method. Finally, it was found that this project did not have any negative effects in both phases. However, the evaluation of this project in the construction and operation phase has negative scores in some of the sub-groups of the mentioned environmental factors and low scores in some of the sub-groups. Considering that the physical development of the city is a dynamic and continuous process; This urban project can bring constructions again in the future and be considered as a model for other urban footpaths. For this purpose, strategies and policies have been presented to improve the environmental quality of the footpath Extended Abstract Introduction In the past few decades, due to the rapid growth of urbanization and the expansion of construction and industrial activities, we witnessed an increase in waste, effects and numerous environmental hazards on human life. On the other hand, environmental protection, in order to achieve sustainable development, requires us to carry out environmental impact assessments for all urban projects. One of the most common urban projects is the creation of pedestrian spaces, including urban footpaths. Although the design of pedestrian-oriented spaces is a factor for sustainable development and reducing environmental pollution in cities, it should be noted that any urban project, including the construction and creation of urban footpaths, often leaves negative effects on the environment during the construction and operation phase. For this purpose, this research evaluates the environmental effects of urban footpaths with an emphasis on the case study of Shiraz Health footpath. Methodology There are many tools and techniques to be used in environmental impact assessment processes, including checklists, matrices, quantitative and qualitative models, literature review and decision support systems, etc. In this research, which, according to its nature and content, is one of the applied studies that is carried out with a descriptive-analytical approach, we evaluated the environmental effects with the rapid impact assessment matrix method. In the mentioned method, after identifying the activities of the proposed plan, their impact on each of the four dimensions, "physical-chemical," "biological-ecological," "social-cultural," and "economic-technical," is identified in two phases of construction and operation. However, in the current research, in order to clarify and limit the dimensions, we only examine the activities of the proposed plan in two dimensions as "social-cultural" and "ecological-biological." For this purpose, after documentary and library studies and field observations using the snowball method, some urban experts selected the most important factors for evaluating the environmental effects of Shiraz Health footpath in the two mentioned dimensions. After scoring them, this urban footpath was evaluated in two phases of construction and operation using the rapid impact assessment method. It should be noted that in order to increase the validity of the research, in the field part of the research, the indicators were investigated and evaluated by two questionnaire methods (experts' opinion) and also the authors' field observations (as a supplementary method). Results and discussion We review the results of the evaluation of environmental effects in two dimensions, "social-cultural" and "ecological-biological," in both construction and operation phases according to the opinions of urban planning experts and specialists below: In the "social-cultural" dimension in the construction phase, among environmental factors (nuisance and noise, employment, creation of local traffic, landscape and security), two factors of nuisance and noise and creation of local traffic have negative consequences. On the other hand, employment has a positive outcome. This means the worsening of the two factors of nuisance and noise and local traffic during the construction of the project. In the "biological-ecological" dimension in the construction phase, among the environmental factors (mountain destruction and loss of green space, bio-ecosystem including water ecosystem and land ecosystem, impact on plant growth, impact on animal habitat, production of sewage and waste and pollution air) all the factors except the two factors of bio-ecosystem, which includes two ecosystems, water and land, and also the effect on the growth of plants, have a negative effect. These two factors have been evaluated as ineffective by experts. Among the negative factors, mountain destruction and loss of green space have had the most destructive effects in the construction phase. Other factors have had almost the same destructive effect. In the "social-cultural" dimension, in the exploitation phase, among the environmental factors (impact on the area perspective, impact on future development plans, security, physical health, physical comfort, psychological comfort, impact on the landscape and impact on transportation) three impact factors on the area perspective, the impact on future development plans and the impact on the landscape have the most positive consequences. In other words, the exploitation of this project has strengthened these factors more than other factors. On the other hand, the impact factor on transportation has been evaluated as having no effect. In the "biological-ecological" dimension, in the exploitation phase, among the environmental factors (loss of green space, bio-ecosystem including water ecosystem and land ecosystem, air pollution and climate change), the factor of loss of green space has a negative effect. This means that the operation of this project has caused the loss of a part of the green space in the area. On the other hand, the two factors of air pollution and climate change have a positive effect. This means that using this project has improved these two factors. According to experts, the bio-ecosystem factor has also been evaluated without consequences. This means that the exploitation phase of this project is ineffective on this factor. Finally, by examining the final score of the construction of Shiraz Health footpath, emphasizing all the environmental factors in "social-cultural" and "biological-ecological" dimensions, the results showed that this project, in total, both construction and operation phases, according to the experts' opinions did not have negative effects. Conclusion Although, according to the opinions of urban experts, the construction of Shiraz Health footpath has not had a negative effect, as discussed in the discussion and findings section, some subgroups of "social-cultural" and "biological-ecological" environmental factors received negative and low scores in both construction and operation phases. Considering the importance of the fact that the physical development of the city is a dynamic and continuous process, this urban project may also bring construction again in the future, and even this urban footpath may be a model for many other pedestrian streets. For this purpose, at the end of the research, the authors try to improve the environmental quality of the mentioned urban footpath by relying on the experts' opinions and also the authors' field observations (as a supplementary evaluation method) by presenting strategies and policies. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. گسترش فعالیت‌های ساختمانی و صنعتی در شهر، افزایش ضایعات، مشکلات و اثرات زیستمحیطی متعددی را بوجود آورده ‌است. از این رو، انجام ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطی پیش از اجرای هر پروژه شهری ضروری است. در این پژوهش به ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطی پیاده‌راه‌های شهری با روش ماتریس ارزیابی سریع اثرات پرداخته شده است. در روش مذکور پس از شناسایی فعالیت‌های طرح پیشنهادی، تاثیر آن‌ها بر هریک از ابعاد چهارگانه "فیزیکی_شیمیایی"، "بیولوژیکی- اکولوژیکی"، "اجتماعی- فرهنگی" و "اقتصادی- فنی" در دو فاز ساختمانی و بهره‌برداری شناسایی می‌شود. اما در پژوهش جاری جهت تدقیق و محدود‌سازی ابعاد، فعالیت‌های طرح پیشنهادی در دو بعد "اجتماعی- فرهنگی" و "اکولوژیکی- بیولوژیکی" بررسی می‌گردد. بدین منظور پس از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و مشاهدات میدانی، تعدادی از متخصصان شهری، مهمترین عوامل محیطی " اجتماعی- فرهنگی" و " بیولوژیکی- اکولوژیکی" را در پیاده راه سلامت شیراز انتخاب و پیاده‌راه را در دو فاز ساختمانی و بهره‌برداری با استفاده از معیارهای روش ارزیابی سریع اثرات، امتیازدهی کردند. در نهایت مشخص شد که این پروژه، در مجموع هردو فاز، دارای اثرات منفی نبوده‌است. اما ارزیابی این پروژه در فاز ساختمانی و بهره‌برداری دارای امتیازات منفی در برخی از زیرمجموعه‌های عوامل محیطی مذکور و همچنین، امتیازهایی با نمرات پایین در برخی از زیر مجموعه‌هاست. باتوجه به اینکه توسعه فیزیکی شهر فرآیندی پویا و مداوم است؛ این پروژه شهری می‌تواند در آینده مجددا ساخت و سازهایی را به همراه داشته باشد و الگویی برای پیاده‌راه‌های شهری دیگر تلقی گردد. به همین منظور، راهبرد‌ها و سیاست‌هایی در جهت ارتقا کیفیت زیست‌محیطی پیاده‌راه ارائه شده است

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انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایران مجله شهر پایدار 2476-6631 6 4 2023 12 24 Analyzing the factors and drivers affecting the sustainable development of Qazvin urban areas with a foresight approach واکاوی عوامل و پیشران‌های اثرگذار بر توسعه پایدار مناطق شهری قزوین با رویکرد آینده‌نگاری 47 63 190183 10.22034/jsc.2024.418341.1742 FA ابوالفضل خلیلی گروه معماری و شهرسازی، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران 0009-0004-2239-9507 صبا جهانگیر گروه معماری و شهرسازی، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران 0000-0003-4865-871X علی شمس الدینی گروه معماری و شهرسازی، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران 0000-0001-9757-4331 Journal Article 2023 07 26 A B S T R A C T The current research was conducted to analyze the factors and drivers influencing the sustainable development of Qazvin urban areas with the impact analysis approach, so that while examining and evaluating the indicators of sustainable development, the impact and effectiveness of various factors on the sustainable development process of this city can also be realized. In this regard, this research is placed in the category of applied-developmental research from the point of view of the goal and in the category of descriptive-analytical methods from the point of view of the method, which has taken an exploratory approach to identify driving factors and forces. Identifying the variables using the library method and environmental scanning techniques (including searching in available documents, scientific articles and research projects) and collecting information and data with the Delphi technique (using the opinions of experts and selected experts) from the sample community of 30 experts Informed and familiar with the discussion of the development and characteristics of Qazvin city has been collected. Then it has been analyzed with the technique of cross effects analysis or structural analysis in the form of Mikmaq software. The obtained results show that in the current conditions, the factors and drivers investigated in Qazvin city have unstable conditions and status. Also, the proper management of privacy, improvement of urban services and development of technology and smart city have a greater effect on the sustainable development of Qazvin city than other factors and drivers. In addition, due to the emergence of new technologies and the third generation of smart cities in the world, the place of technology and smart city in Qazvin city can have a special place and be a determining factor in the future development of the city Extended Abstract Introduction Qazvin is one of the cities where the difference in development in two levels or two areas can be well recognized. For many years, the approach of the north and the center has been evident in all planning and imbalances and, on the other hand, migrations. The development of the urban village, the irregular expansion of the city, the annexation of some surrounding villages to the city limits, the indiscriminate expansion of the suburban areas around the city, especially in the areas with uneven and steep topography, the dramatic increase in the price of land and housing, the increasing demand for urban life, there have been changes in the performance and appearance of this city, which will cause many challenges and issues to appear shortly, outside of the urban development plans and plans in this city. Therefore, it can be said that the current approaches and methods for planning the future are no longer the answer to dealing with these developments, and we should look for newer, more effective, and creative methods concerning thinking and acting about the future. The existence of such conditions requires conducting strategic studies based on the identification of factors and driving forces affecting the city. For this purpose, the main issue raised in the current research is to identify effective and efficient factors that somehow affect the future of Qazvin city and its sustainable development. By identifying the driving forces and factors, we can provide a necessary background and platform for efficient decision-making in sustainable urban development. Methodology This research is placed in the category of applied-developmental research from the goal point of view and in the category of descriptive-analytical methods from the method point of view, which has taken an exploratory approach to identify the factors and driving forces. The required data has been collected using the library-document method and the survey method from the sample community of 30 experts who are knowledgeable and familiar with the discussion of future forecasting and the conditions and characteristics of Qazvin. The data collection method is snowball because of the nature of the subject under investigation. The variables have been identified using environmental scanning techniques (including searching in documents, scientific articles, and research plans) and the Delphi technique (using the opinions of selected specialists and experts). Then, the technique of cross-effects analysis in the form of Micmac software has been applied. Results and discussion Examining the influence and effectiveness of the factors and driving forces on the sustainable development of Qazvin urban areas showed that the proper management of the border, upgrading of urban services, and development of technology and smart city have been more effective than other factors and driving forces. On the other hand, the decline of the city's ecological capacity is one of the factors that has been very effective. The ranking of the factors also shows that the proper management of the city boundary, the improvement of urban services, and the development of technology and the smart city are the three factors and drivers that have had the most direct impact, and in contrast to the improvement of urban services, the decline of the ecological capacity of the city and the role of Qazvin. As the province's economic hub, they have had the most direct impact. The results from the distribution of factors and drivers show that Qazvin's current conditions and status and its factors and drivers are unstable. This system’s critical, effective, and decisive driver are facing difficulties, and the Qazvin system is in an unstable state. A large number of agents and drivers are in an intermediate position. Examining the position of each of these variables shows that in the field of sustainable development, the proper management of Qazvin city boundaries, which can affect the city's future development, is an important issue. Suppose the management of the city boundary cannot maintain the immediate boundaries of the city. In that case, forming unplanned and informal settlements and environmental destruction can create new problems for Qazvin shortly. Also, paying attention to the dimensions and aspects of modern technology and their application in providing services and city management, which is based on the use of creative and innovative industries, can affect many dimensions and aspects of Qazvin city, and paying attention to these factors can affect the future of the city. It is important to take into account the worn-out textures of Qazvin city. Being one of the country's oldest cities, neglecting its infrastructure maintenance can lead to various social, economic, and environmental problems in the future. Recreating worn-out textures and paying attention to historical textures can revive the capacities of the city and have significant effects on social and economic dimensions. Conclusion In the current situation, the investigated factors and drivers in Qazvin city are unstable. Also, proper management of privacy, improvement of urban services and development of technology and smart city have a more significant effect on the sustainable development of Qazvin than other factors and drivers. In addition, due to the emergence of new technologies and the third generation of smart cities in the world, the place of technology and smart city in Qazvin can have a special place and be a decisive factor and driving force in the city's future development. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. پژوهش حاضر به واکاوی عوامل و پیشرانهای اثرگذار بر توسعه پایدار مناطق شهری قزوین با رویکرد تحلیل اثر مبادرت شد تا ضمن بررسی و ارزیابی شاخصهای توسعه پایدار، اثرگذاری و اثرپذیری عوامل مختلف بر فرآیند توسعه پایدار این شهر نیز محقق شود. در این راستا این پژوهش از منظر هدف در رده پژوهشهای کاربردی- توسعهای و از منظر روش در دسته روشهای توصیفی- تحلیلی قرار میگیرد که با رویکردی اکتشافی نسبت به شناسایی عوامل و نیروهای پیشران مبادرت نموده است. شناسایی متغیرها نیز با استفاده از روش کتابخانهای و تکنیکهای پویش محیطی (شامل جستجو در اسناد فرادست، مقالات علمی و طرحهای پژوهشی) و جمع آوری اطلاعات و دادهها با تکنیک دلفی (استفاده از نظرات متخصصان و خبرگان منتخب) از جامعه نمونه 30 نفر از متخصصان مطلع و آشنا با بحث توسعه و ویژگیهای شهر قزوین جمعآوری شده است. سپس با تکنیک تحلیل اثرات متقاطع یا تحلیل ساختاری در قالب نرمافزار میک مک تجزیه و تحلیل شده است. نتایج حاصله نشان میدهد در شرایط کنونی عوامل و پیشرانهای مورد بررسی در شهر قزوین شرایط و وضعیت ناپایداری دارند. همچنین مدیریت مناسب حریم، ارتقاء خدمات شهری و توسعه فناوری و شهر هوشمند نسبت به سایر عوامل و پیشرانها اثرگذاری بیشتری بر توسعه پایدار شهر قزوین دارند. علاوه بر این باتوجه به ظهور و بروز فناوریهای نوین و نسل سوم شهرهای هوشمند در جهان، جایگاه فناوری و شهر هوشمند در شهر قزوین میتواند جایگاه ویژهای داشته باشد و به عنوان عامل و پیشران تعیین کنندهای در توسعه آتی شهر باشد.

https://www.jscity.ir/article_190183_cbaa0ac827fcd3a61ebf36346d87258f.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایران مجله شهر پایدار 2476-6631 6 4 2023 12 22 Assessment of ecosystem services in the Tehran metropolitan and analysis of their sensitivity to climate drivers سنجش خدمات اکوسیستمی کلان‌شهر تهران و تحلیل میزان حساسیت آن‌ها به محرک‌های اقلیمی 65 86 187087 10.22034/jsc.2024.415781.1737 FA سلیمه صادقی گروه جغرافیای، طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران. 0000-0001-8606-4571 علی اکبر شمسی پور گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران 0000-0001-8606-4571 فائزه شجاع گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران. 0000-0001-5495-7009 معصومه مقبل استادیار دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران 0000-0001-9393-9954 Journal Article 2023 09 18 Introduction Ecosystem services (ES) refer to the benefits derived from the structure and function of ecosystems and play an important role in human well-being and welfare (Adelisardou et al., 2021). The two interconnected approaches of carbon sequestration and habitat provisioning are ecosystem services that have the potential to mitigate climate change and biodiversity loss caused by the built environment (Varshney et al., 2022). The rapid urbanization of Tehran in recent decades has led to significant disruptions to both the natural and urban landscape. Sustainable population growth, industrialization, and urbanization processes have led to the reduction or destruction of natural vegetation, the development of urban constructions, various human activities (such as transportation and production centres), and drastic changes in land cover/land use (LULC). These factors have also contributed to an increase in energy consumption, which has resulted in elevated surface temperatures in urban environments. Under these conditions, the current research aims to examine two ecosystem services - regulatory services (carbon storage) and support services (habitat quality) - provided by the InVEST model. The research will focus on the role and impact of these two crucial services in enhancing the quality of the environment and analyzing the climate of the Tehran metropolis. Data and Methodology The current research aims to investigate the effect of land use/land cover on changes in carbon storage (regulating service) and habitat quality (supporting service) at spatial and regional scales using the InVEST software. The carbon storage model integrates land use and land cover (LULC) data with information on carbon storage inventories in four main carbon storage pools: aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, deadwood, and soil organic carbon. This integration enables calculations and spatial distribution of inventories and carbon storage in the area. To conduct habitat quality modelling, several components are necessary, including the (LULC) map, threat sources, impact weight tables, impact distance for each threat, and the sensitivity of each habitat to the threat source. One of the important inputs of the InVEST model is the land use/land cover map. In the present study, the classification of local climate zones (LCZ) was utilized to calculate and generate a land use and land cover (LULC) map for the city and suburbs of Tehran. Results and Discussion The results showed that the highest amount of carbon storage on an annual scale is associated with aboveground biomass and soil organic carbon, while the lowest amounts are found in deadwood and belowground biomass. The aboveground biomass in region 22, specifically the Chitgar Forest Park area and the northeastern areas of the region where trees are densely and sparsely distributed, has the highest carbon storage capacity. It is estimated to be between 218 and 335 tons per hectare per year. After that, the southern and southeastern parts of region 15, as well as the northern and eastern parts of regions 8 and 14, which are characterized by open mid-rise land cover, are ranked next in terms of carbon storage. The results of the Habitat Quality Index also showed that the highest amount of habitat quality, indicated by a 16% coverage (values between 0.7 and 1), was concentrated in the northern parts of the study area. The habitat quality gradually decreased towards the southern and, in particular, the southwestern areas. In 65% of the study area, the habitat quality is extremely low, primarily due to urban development and settlements in the southwest of the city. The central (10, 11, and 12) and western (21 and 22) areas of the municipality have the lowest habitat quality due to the lack of urban green spaces, the destruction of existing ones, and the expansion of settlements and industrial complexes. Finally, to measure the sensitivity of ecosystem services to climate, we analyzed the effect of two primary climate components: temperature and precipitation, on ecosystem services. The results showed that although the correlation coefficients between the studied series were relatively low (temperature and ES=0.221, precipitation and ES=0.234), the regression analysis indicates that both ecosystem services will decrease under conditions of increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation. Conclusion In this study, we evaluated the spatial changes of two carbon storage services and habitat quality concerning land use/land cover change in the Tehran metropolis and its surrounding suburbs. The results showed that the land is covered with dense and scattered trees, as well as open mid-rise, sparsely built, open low-rise, and low plants. These areas had the highest absorption values in all four carbon pools. In this sense, Region 22 and the eastern part of the Northern Region had the best conditions for carbon absorption. The output of InVEST habitat quality also indicated that the highest amount of habitat quality, with a coverage of 16% (values between 0.7 and 1), is found in the northern parts of the basin. Gradually, the quality of the habitat decreases towards the southern areas, especially in the southwest. Although the obtained results indicate the favourable ecological potential of some areas in the metropolis of Tehran, climate change and human activities have severely affected this potential. Based on the linear relationship between the normalized series of climatic components (temperature and precipitation) and ES, there was an inverse relationship between temperature and ES and a direct relationship between precipitation and ES. As a result, both regulatory services and ecosystem support will decrease under conditions of increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation. هدف پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی اثر تغییرات پوشش/کاربری زمین (LULC) کلان‌شهر تهران و حومه آن بر میزان ذخیره کربن و کیفیت زیستگاه با مدل‌های موجود در نرم‌افزار InVEST است. بنابراین نخست مقادیر ذخیره کربن در 4 مخزن اصلی محاسبه و سپس منابع تهدید منطقه، فاصله اثرگذاری تهدید و میزان حساسیت، کیفیت و تخریب زیستگاه‌ها در هریک از طبقات LULC برآورد گردید. در نهایت با هدف واکاوی ارتباط بین خدمات اکوسیستم (ESs) و شرایط اقلیمی، روند مؤلفه‌های اقلیمی مؤثر بر ESs در حوضه مطالعاتی ارزیابی و همبستگی بین دو عامل مشخص شد. نتایج نشان داد محدوده پارک چیتگر و نواحی شمال‌شرق حومه شهر، با بیشینه میزان جذب650 تن کربن در سال، بالاترین مقادیر جذب کربن را در هر 4 مخزن دارا هستند. خروجی کیفیت زیستگاه InVEST نیز حاکی از این بود که مطلوب‌ترین کیفیت زیستگاه‌ با پوشش 16 درصدی (ارزش‌‌های بین 7/0 تا 1) متعلق به بخش‌های شمالی حوضه است و به مرور به سمت نواحی جنوبی و به‌ویژه جنوب‌‌غربی، کیفیت زیستگاه کاهش پیدا می‌‌کند. در نهایت با تحلیل رابطه خطی بین ESs و پارامترهای اقلیمی در پهنه مورد مطالعه این نتیجه حاصل شد که ESs با بارش و دما به ترتیب ارتباط مستقیم و معکوسی دارند؛ هرچند مقادیر ضریب همبستگی بین عامل‌ها پایین بود (دما و ES=221/0، بارش و ES=234/0) اما روند معنی‌دار افزایشی دما و کاهشی بارش (سطح اطمینان 95/0) در دوره 1991-2022 از یک سو و تغییرات LULC در نتیجه فعالیت‌های انسانی از سوی دیگر، امید به شرایط مطلوب خدمات اکوسیستمی در آینده کلان‌شهر تهران را به چالش می‌کشد.

https://www.jscity.ir/article_187087_b09257de4f60be38a24860437b70fade.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایران مجله شهر پایدار 2476-6631 6 4 2023 12 22 Proposing an Agile Model for Urban Organizations with a Public Participation Approach (A Case Study of the Iranian Awqaf and Charity Organization) ارائه مدل چابک سازی سازمان های شهری با رویکرد توسعه مشارکت مردمی (نمونه موردی سازمان اوقاف وامور خیریه ) 87 103 196056 10.22034/jsc.2024.450758.1771 FA مهدی منصوری گروه مدیریت دولتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی فیروزکوه استان تهران 0000-0002-5042-6849 علی مهدیزاده اشرفی گروه مدیریت دولتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی فیروزکوه استان تهران 0000-0001-9871-2898 احمد ودادی گروه مدیریت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکز مجید جهانگیرفرد گروه مدیریت دولتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد فیروزکوه استان تهران بهرام علیشیری گروه مدیریت دولتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب Journal Article 2024 04 03 Extended Abstract Introduction The increasing importance of organizational agility in the past three decades has led to its increased application in this field. This research aims to present a model of organizational agility for the Iranian Charity Organization (ICO) with an emphasis on public participation in developing sustainable cities. Methodology The purpose of this research is a developmental-applied study that was conducted with a mixed exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) approach. Qualitative content analysis was used to design the organizational agility model for the development of public participation using Clark and Brown's 6-step coding method. Textual data related to the research topic were analyzed, and agile themes were identified. Then, an organizational agility model based on the development of public participation with an overarching theme, 6 organized themes, and 22 basic themes was developed and proposed. In the quantitative part of this research, a survey was conducted among the managers and heads of endowment departments and charity organizations in the whole country. Two hundred twenty questionnaires were distributed among the statistical population; with continuous follow-up and using Cochran's formula, 200 people were selected randomly. Data collection was done through a researcher-made questionnaire, and PLS-Smart software was used to evaluate the external and internal validity of the model. The goodness of fit index, or GOF, is used to measure the overall strength of the research model. This measure is a number between zero and one; the closer it is to one, the better the quality of the model will be. Obtaining a value of 0.798 for the goodness of fit index (GOF) in the research model indicates a very good overall fit of the model. Results and discussion Surveys show that waqf plays an essential role in the sustainability of cities in various dimensions, including economic, social, cultural and environmental. Waqf can be used as a sustainable source of financing urban development projects, especially in the fields of education, health, housing and social welfare. Endowments can play a role in improving the quality of life of city residents, especially in the fields of education, health and social services; and help preserve and restore the cultural and natural heritage of cities. The findings showed that organizational agility in promoting public participation is a multi-dimensional structure that includes the following 22 dimensions and indicators: Individual competencies (employees' competence, managers' competence, and the competence of dedicated people), customization and quality improvement (trust, understanding of needs, access to services, sense of responsibility, humility and respect), virtualization (outsourcing of services, supply of goods, provision of face-to-face services), institutionalization of education and learning (clarification, free access to information, flexibility, improvement of joint operation processes) and extra-organizational interaction (interaction with influential people, interaction with institutions, interaction with organizations). Strengthening these dimensions can increase the ability of organizations to adapt to environmental changes, respond to the needs of stakeholders and leverage active public participation to guide cities towards sustainable development. In addition, the external model showed satisfactory composite reliability and convergent validity, and all factor loadings exceeded 0.4 in the first-order factor analysis. Second-order factor analysis showed that all path coefficients were significant and confirmed the causal relationships between dimensions and components. Conclusion The proposed model, in the form of a multi-dimensional construct, provides a useful framework for understanding the nature of organizational agility in developing public participation in ICO for officials, managers, and experts in this field. Based on the results of the research, it is suggested to the top managers of the Oghaf organization that they make the organization agile through the implementation of all six dimensions obtained and that people's participation in this organization should be increased while becoming agile. Individual competencies state that the agility of endowment and charity organizations in order to increase public participation requires emphasizing the competencies of key stakeholders, including managers, employees, and endowment members. Emphasis is placed on the use of a competence approach in training employees and developing managers. Interactions outside the organization state that the agility of the endowment organization in order to increase people's participation requires the development and expansion of extra-organizational interactions. It is suggested that the managers of the organization strengthen these interactions, including interactions with related organizations, NGOs, and influential people in society. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution The authors of this manuscript wish to acknowledge their equal contributions to its conceptualization and writing. All authors have reviewed and approved the final content, and there are no competing interests to declare. Conflict of Interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Acknowledgments We are grateful for the support of the scientific consultants who provided valuable feedback on this paper. امروزه در مدل های توسعه شهری پایدار مشارکت مردمی اصلی بی بدیل در چابک سازی نهادهای اداری به شمار می آید و اهمیت فزاینده موضوع چابک‌سازی سازمانی در سه دهه گذشته سبب کاربرد بیشتر آن در این حوزه شده است. روش تحقیق: هدف این تحقیق، توسعه و ارائه یک مدل کاربردی است و برای این منظور، از روش ترکیبی کیفی-کمی اکتشافی استفاده شده است. برای طراحی مدل چابک‌سازی سازمانی در راستای توسعه مشارکت مردمی از تحلیل مضمون به روش کیفی کدگذاری (کلارک و براون) استفاده گردید و داده‌های متنی مربوط به موضوع مورد مطالعه بررسی گردید و مضامین چابکی شناسایی شدند و مدلی چابک‌سازی سازمانی مبتنی بر توسعه مشارکت مردمی تدوین و پیشنهاد گردید.سپس در بخش کمی، جامعه مورد بررسی شامل مدیران، رؤسای ادارات سازمان اوقاف بود که حجم نمونه از طریق فرمول کلاین 200 نفر و نمونه گیری بصورت تصادفی ساده انجام شد. بحث و یافته ها: یافته ها نشان داد چابک‌سازی سازمانی در راستای توسعه مشارکت مردمی یک سازه چند بعدی شامل بعد شایستگی‌های فردی، بعد سفارشی‌سازی و ارتقا کیفیت، بعد مجازی‌سازی، بعد نهادینه‌سازی آموزش و یادگیری، بعد یکپارچگی درون‌سازمانی، بعد تعاملات بیرون سازمانی می باشد. ارتقای این ابعاد، توانایی سازمان‌ها در انطباق با تغییرات محیطی، پاسخگویی و بهره‌مندی از مشارکت فعال مردم را افزایش وشهر را به سوی توسعه پایدار رهنمون می سازد . نتیجه گیری: مدل پژوهش در قالب یک سازه چندبعدی، چارچوب مفیدی برای درک ماهیت چابک‌سازی سازمانی در راستای توسعه مشارکت مردمی در اوقاف و امور خیریه برای مسئولان، مدیران و متخصصان شهری این حوزه فراهم میکند.

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انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایران مجله شهر پایدار 2476-6631 6 4 2023 12 22 Identifying Driving Factors in the Future Research of Iran's Housing Planning System the Case Study of Tehran شناسایی عوامل پیشران در آینده‌پژوهی نظام برنامه‌ریزی مسکن ایران مطالعه موردی: شهر تهران 105 121 182196 10.22034/jsc.2023.403067.1713 FA سروش لطفی بزازان گروه شهرسازی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. 0000-0002-3757-1451 حمیدرضا صارمی گروه شهرسازی ، دانشکده هنر ، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ، تهران ، ایران آرش بغدادی گروه شهرسازی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. 0000-0003-0676-352X Journal Article 2023 07 26 A B S T R A C T The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the driving factors of the housing planning system in Tehran with a future research approach. The following article is practical in terms of purpose, and according to the investigated components, the dominant approach is a descriptive and analytical method. In this research, in order to consciously select the participants, the purposeful sampling method has been used. The basis of using the purposeful sampling method is the selection of a group of experts who have an in-depth investigation or a general understanding of the nature of the research. Based on the explanations mentioned earlier, the statistical population of the upcoming research is 74 experts in the field of housing, including university professors who are experts in the field of study. The number volume considered for the Delphi technique is 10 people, and for the analysis of mutual effects in the Mic Mac software, the sample size considered is 64 people, according to the familiarity of the experts with this software. The results of this research showed that the drivers of housing rules and regulations are inflation rate, currency and gold prices, liquidity volume, macro economy, urban management stability, banking facilities, land and housing prices, international sanctions and supply situation. and demand play a role as key drivers in the housing planning system in Tehran Extended Abstract Introduction The issue of housing and foresight in this field in the city of Tehran is more important than in other cities due to factors such as the concentration of facilities and services, having diverse political and administrative roles, having various job opportunities, etc. Therefore, this research identifies and analyzes the factors affecting the housing planning system with a future research approach. Based on this, the interrelationships of economic opportunities and political challenges, and urban and economic planning of rulers, also the interaction of political, social, economic, and environmental indicators have greatly affected housing policy and planning, and housing planners should pay serious attention to the index and their relationships in order to solve the housing problem. Therefore, the research tries to answer this question: -What are the driving factors in Iran's housing planning system with a future research approach? Methodology The following article is practical in terms of purpose, and according to the investigated components, the dominant approach is a descriptive and analytical method. The Delphi technique has been exerted to identify variables and indicators. In this regard, in the first stage, scientific research and review articles published on the research topic were used to collect the variables. Then, the semi-structured questionnaire was distributed among experts in the field of research. In the current research, to select the participants, a purposeful sampling method was used. The statistical population of the upcoming research consists of 74 experts in the field of housing, including university professors specializing in the studied field. The number volume considered for the Delphi technique was 10 people, and for the Mic Mac technique, the sample size was 64 people, according to the experts' familiarity with this software. In this research, to achieve the research goals, Mic Mac software has been used. Results and discussion Thirty factors have been analyzed with Mic Mac software to extract the main influencing factors. The dimensions of the matrix are 30x30. The degree of filling of the matrix is 82.35%, which shows that the selected factors have a relatively large and scattered effect on each other, and the system has enjoyed stability. Out of the total of 11560 relationships that can be evaluated in this matrix, 2040 relationships are zero, meaning The factors did not influence or were not influenced by each other. In 4120 relationships, the number was one, which means that they had little influence on each other; in 2760 relationships, the number was 2, which means that they had a relatively strong influencing relationship; in 2640 relationships, the number was 3. This means that the relationships of the key factors have been very high, and they have had a lot of influence and effectiveness. The research findings showed that ten drivers in the impact column had the largest contribution to direct impact, and the same ten variables were in the first ten indirect impacts. It should be noted that the green lines indicate the promotion of the desired factor. Indirect effects and red lines also mean the downgrading of the desired factor in indirect effects. For example, the VAR6 factor was ranked third in indirect effects, but this factor has been downgraded to the sixth position in indirect effects. However, the first ten drivers in direct effects are repeated on the indirect side as well. Therefore, the key drivers of this study are housing rules and regulations, inflation rate, currency and gold prices, liquidity volume, macro economy, urban management stability, banking facilities, land and housing prices, international sanctions, and supply and demand situation. Conclusion This research investigated the key factors affecting the future of the housing supply planning system in Tehran. For this purpose, mutual effects analysis methods were used in the environment of Mic Mac software. At first, 30 driving factors were identified using the Delphi technique, and then by implementing the identified factors in the Mic Mac software environment, four categories of two-faceted, influential, independent, and influential factors were identified, and finally, by evaluating the 30 identified factors. As a result of the analysis of the master plan, the effectiveness and effectiveness of ten key factors that had the most significant impact on the future state of housing planning in Tehran were known. The first factor was the construction rules and regulations; this factor emphasizes the strength and resilience of urban housing. This issue is of particular importance and necessity since natural crises, especially earthquakes threaten the city of Tehran. In the second place was banking facilities. Concerning the mentioned factor, it can be said that by providing low-interest bank facilities, many families can hope for housing. This facility allows many vacant residential units in different parts of Tehran to be bought by citizens, and the problem of uninhabited units is solved. The basic issue in this field is to review the process of providing facilities, which the operating banks should avoid the usual strictures. Based on the results, the price of land and housing played a key role in providing housing. In fact, the rising trend of land and housing prices can be prevented by seriously monitoring the market. The high demand for housing in the capital has led to a corresponding increase in the price of land and property. In the conclusion of the present research, it can be said that success in achieving the goals of housing planning is dependent on the effective interaction of the identified critical factors; using the identified factors and taking into account their priority and effectiveness, it can be concluded achieving the goals of housing planning provided sufficient attention from planners, policymakers and decision-makers to the influential factors for explaining housing planning, prioritizing and considering the relationships with each other, the necessary platforms for the realization and development of the desired development and a housing planning model will be created. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی عوامل پیشران نظام برنامه‌ریزی مسکن شهر تهران با رویکرد آینده‌پژوهی انجام‌شده است. نوشتار پیش رو ازلحاظ هدف کاربردی است و با توجه به مؤلفه‌های موردبررسی، رویکرد حاکم بر آن روش توصیفی تحلیلی است. در پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور انتخاب آگاهانه شرکت‌کنندگان، از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند استفاده‌شده است. اساس به کار بردن روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند، انتخاب گروهی از خبرگان است که بررسی عمیق یا فهمی کلی نسبت به ماهیت پژوهش آگاهی داشته باشند. با استناد به توضیحات گفته‌شده جامعه آماری پژوهش پیش رو 74 نفر از کارشناسان خبره در حوزه مسکن شامل اساتید دانشگاهی متخصص در حوزه موردمطالعه هستند. تعداد حجم در نظر گرفته‌شده برای تکنیک دلفی 10 نفر و برای اجرای تحلیل تأثیرات متقابل در نرم‌افزار میک مک حجم نمونه در نظر گرفته‌شده با توجه به آشنایی متخصصین به این نرم‌افزار 64 نفر در نظر گرفته شد. یافته‌های حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که پیشران‌های ضوابط و مقررات مسکن، نرخ تورم، قیمت ارز و طلا، حجم نقدینگی، اقتصاد کلان، ثبات مدیریت شهری، تسهیلات بانکی، قیمت زمین و مسکن، تحریم‌های بین‌المللی وضعیت عرضه و تقاضا به‌عنوان پیشران‌های کلیدی در نظام برنامه‌ریزی مسکن در شهر تهران نقش دارند

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انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایران مجله شهر پایدار 2476-6631 6 4 2024 01 23 Investigation of the Infill Development Capacities in order to Achieve Urban Smart Growth the Case study of Region 1 of Yazd City شناسایی ظرفیت‌های توسعه میان‌افزا در جهت دستیابی به رشد هوشمند شهری مطالعه موردی: منطقه یک شهر یزد 123 139 178884 10.22034/jsc.2021.187338.1018 FA کرامت اله زیاری گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 0000-0001-9135-4768 حسین فرهادی خواه گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 0000-0002-8454-7542 محمود آروین گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2023 07 26 A B S T R A C T The increase in problems caused by the excessive growth of cities has forced researchers and urban managers to think of solutions and solve urban problems. One of the effective ways to reduce problems is the smart growth of the city, one of the important principles of which is intermediate development. This principle emphasizes the use and exploitation of the internal capacities of cities, such as the development of abandoned and unused land within the existing context of cities and, the redevelopment of buildings and environments in use. The main goal of this research is to identify the capacities of smart growth based on the principle of intermediate development in the region of one city of Yazd. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of study method. In the analysis of the land use situation of one city of Yazd, it was found that 34% of the area of one city of Yazd is barren land. Further, to identify the development capacities of the built areas, the criteria effective in development were selected using theoretical foundations and research studies related to smart growth and interrelated development. The weight of each criterion was obtained by determining the priority of the criteria compared to each other and with the help of the SWARA technique. Then, the desired layers were prepared in the ArcGIS environment and the simple weighted sum (SAW) method was used to normalize the layers and combine them, and the map of prioritizing the development capacities of the constructed area was presented in four layers, the priority is 328 hectares, the second priority is 305 hectares, the priority The third is 320 hectares and the fourth priority is 118 hectares Extended Abstract Introduction The increase in problems that caused by the uncontrolled growth of cities have forced urban researchers and managers to tackle and solve urban problems. One of the most effective ways to reduce these issues, is urban smart growth that one of its important principles, is infill development. This principle emphasizes on using and benefiting of cities internal capacity, such as development on abandoned land and vacant land within the existing texture of cities, redevelopment of buildings and sites. The main purpose of this research is to identify capacities of infill development in the region1 of Yazd city. It can be said that theories of urban smart growth and infill development (as an independent theory and one of the principles of urban smart growth) have been the basis of this study. Urban smart growth seeks to use urban spaces to compactness and prevent urban growth. Due to the fact that the city of Yazd has expanded horizontally and with a sprawl phenomenon, the use of infill development theory can take advantage of the city's internal capacities and prevent the city's uncontrolled expansion, and the benefits of this development can be achieved with the goal of implementation of urban smart growth. Methodology This research in terms of goal is an applied one and in view point of the research method is descriptive – analytical and the extraction of appropriate criteria is based on library resources and documents. At first, the effective parameters and criteria were selected by reviewing the articles related to infill development and according to the characteristics of the study context. Then, by completing the questionnaire by 15 experts and specialists, the degree of preference of these criteria against each other was assessed and with the help of SWARA technique in EXCEL software, the weight of each criterion was obtained. Afterwards, the appropriate layers were prepared in ARCGIS environment and in order to normalize the layers and combine them, the Simple Additive Weighting method (SAW) which was implemented in ARCGIS environment was used. In this method, the weight obtained from SWARA technique was multiplied by the criteria and finally the textures that are suitable for infill development were identified. Results and discussion The main purpose of this research is to identify capacities of infill development in the region1 of Yazd city. At first, the area and location of vacant lands were considered as the main priority of development then in order to identify the development capacities of the constructed areas, the effective criteria on infill and smart growth development were selected. Next by determining the priority of these criteria (land use diversity, floor, building age, construction quality, ownership, structure, particle size distribution, access to the street network, access to green space, access to educational land use, access to health care land use, access to business land use, access to religious land use, access to facilities land use), the weight of each criterion was obtained relative to each other. Then, the layers were prepared in the ARCGIS environment and zoned by using of the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method that implemented in the ARCGIS environment. Textures that are suitable for infill development were identified and prioritized. The priorities are calculated as the first priority is 328 hectares, the second priority is 305 hectares, the third priority is 320 hectares and the fourth priority is 118 hectares. The first priority are the land use and parcels that have low floors, low quality, high antiquity, public and state ownership, greater access to service land uses and the street network. Conclusion By examining the land use of Yazd city, it was found that due to the sprawl and growth of the city and lack of proper management, many lands in the city are undeveloped and without construction, which can be considered as vacant lands as one of the important priorities in integrated growth and infill development. In fact, in the city of Yazd, due to the large number of vacant lands, development should be focused on these areas, and also with solutions such as increasing taxes or creating incentives to accelerate the process of their development. In region 1 of Yazd city, similar to other parts of it, as we go from the central parts to the fringe of the city, vacant and unused lands will increase. Thus, vacant lands must first be developed in order to population growth and per capita services. However, it is important to note that attention to vacant lands should not deter urban management from paying attention to worn-out central textures or textures that are more conducive to accessing services and are more economically viable. Therefore, the research findings indicated that this region of Yazd city has suitable capacities for infill development as one of the principles of urban smart growth and the research hypothesis is confirmed. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. افزایش مشکلات ناشی از رشد بی‌رویه شهرها، محققان و مدیران شهری را به چاره‌اندیشی و حل مسائل شهری واداشته است. یکی از راه‌های مؤثر در کاهش مسائل، رشد هوشمند شهری است که از اصل‌های مهم آن، توسعه میان‌افزا می‌باشد. این اصل بر استفاده و بهره‌گیری از ظرفیت‌های درونی شهرها مانند توسعه بر روی زمین‌های متروکه و بدون استفاده داخل بافت موجود شهرها، توسعه دوباره ساختمان‌ها و محیط‌های در حال استفاده تأکید دارد. هدف اصلی این پژوهش شناسایی ظرفیت‌های رشد هوشمند بر اساس اصل توسعه میان‌افزا در منطقه یک شهر یزد می‌باشد. این پژوهش ازنظر هدف، کاربردی و ازنظر روش مطالعه، توصیفی- تحلیلی می‌باشد. در تحلیل وضعیت کاربری اراضی منطقه یک شهر یزد مشخص گردید که 34 درصد از منطقه یک شهر یزد را زمین بایر تشکیل داده است. در ادامه جهت شناسایی ظرفیت‌های توسعه محدوده‌های ساخته‌شده معیارهای مؤثر در توسعه با استفاده از مبانی نظری و مطالعه تحقیقات مرتبط با رشد هوشمند و توسعه میان‌افزا انتخاب گردید سپس با تعیین میزان ارجحیت معیارها نسبت به یکدیگر و به کمک تکنیک SWARA وزن هریک از معیارها به دست آمد. سپس لایه‌های موردنظر در محیط ARCGIS آماده‌سازی گردید و از روش مجموع ساده وزنی (SAW) جهت نرمال‌سازی لایه‌ها و تلفیق آن‌ها بهره گرفته شد و نقشه اولویت‌بندی ظرفیت‌های توسعه محدوده ساخته‌شده در چهار طبقه ارائه گردید که اولویت اول 328 هکتار، اولویت دوم 305 هکتار، اولویت سوم 320 هکتار و اولویت چهارم 118 هکتار محاسبه‌شده است

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