Livable housing model: a step towards increasing the livability of urban areas (case study : Karaj metropolis)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

One of the basic principles of livability is creating a habitable and safe complex for citizens, which places the possibility of access to suitable housing at the first level of the concept of livability. Housing is considered one of the main spaces of the urban system, whose livability is aligned with urban livability. The aim of the research is to compile a suitable model of housing for urban neighborhoods of the metropolis. Its dimensions, factors and elements should be a guide to reach this pattern. The difference between the present study and other livability studies is in paying special attention to housing from the aspect of livability and also providing a worthy model in this field. The statistical population of the research is Karaj metropolis and other metropolises with the ability to generalize the results. The source of the investigated data is the variables extracted from the studies using the content analysis method, the Delphi method, and a survey of experts. The variables are in the form of 5 dimensions, 24 indicators and 75 sub-indices. The number of indicators examined in this research shows the highest number of indicators that has been done so far in this field. The analysis of the data has been done using the forecasting process and the interaction analysis model in the MICMAC software. Among the advantages of this method, we can point out the possibility of presenting the exact position and effects of the components in the proposed model, which also provides the possibility of drawing the schematic of the model. Brings. The findings indicate that the livable housing model is a combination of elements in 5 dimensions and at the micro level, which consists of three levels of impact (high, medium, low). Each of the levels in the model includes elements and sub-indices that can solve many problems in the housing sector.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Livability in planning and urban development raises issues, including creating a comprehensive habitable, and safe for citizens and its requirements. There is a sufficient agreement in urban planning and housing research to conceptualize livability as an urban condition resulting from interactions with the urban environment. To be operational in life satisfaction or housing satisfaction. Thus, livability is related to residents' satisfaction with their urban environment in the objective and subjective dimensions of housing. It is also agreed that livability is an element of overall QOL. Therefore, satisfaction with housing is one of the criteria that contribute to the quality of life of urban residents and expresses livability.  The livability of housing is a behavior pattern in the relationship between people and their interaction with housing, along with the inherent quality of the housing itself, and from the perspective of the people living there, it is to achieve human quality or suitable conditions for life. On the other hand, the livability of a residential environment is one of the criteria for the quality of life of the community, which is measured by different factors in different places. For example, in the United States, livability covers a wide range of long-term efforts by increasing environmental sustainability, density, mixed land-use, and transportation improvements. While in England, instead of paying attention to the planning of the new neighborhood, the livable society is focused on the management and reconstruction of the existing spaces in the neighborhood.
 
Methodology
The research is an applied study that seeks to solve the problem of reducing the quality of life in residential units and the environment and provide a model to increase housing livability. In terms of nature, it is exploratory research, and the purpose is to know the obvious and hidden angles and the characteristics of the desirable model of housing livability. The Delphi method, one of the most important forecasting methods, was used to collect information. In this method, information or research indicators are collected using a literature search, talking to experts in the relevant field, and conducting focused interviews with housing and livability experts. The statistical community of Delphi experts included 30 experts and university professors who were directly interviewed. The most important variables of livable housing were compiled into 5 dimensions with 32 indicators and 141 sub-indices. Data analysis has been done using the cross-effects analysis matrix in Micmac software.
 
Results and discussion
The indices that obtained an average above 3.5 from the total of 141 sub-indices with the results of the second round of Delphi were selected for analysis and extraction of results. By choosing the key indicators of the matrix of mutual effects, it was completed using the opinions of experts, and the importance of each variable on each other was determined between (0-3). Among the investigated variables in the housing livability pattern, variable M9, with 2.15%, had the highest percentage of influence and variables M9, with 2.14%, had the strongest influence. The least impact is related to the E3 variable, with 0.69. The lowest percentage of effectiveness is for P3 variables with 0.86 percent. Based on the results obtained from the cross-effects model, the exact location of the factors and elements was determined, and in the next step, the pattern of livable housing was drawn. The diagram of the livable housing model of Karaj metropolis is composed of five aspects by separating physical, economic, environmental, social, and managerial factors and elements and three levels of impact. The first level with the sum of factors with a high degree of impact in the model, includes ownership, population, per capita and density, area, size, building materials, building skeleton, durability and age, type of residence, safety and security, education, health and health, Justice and equality, and housing standards. The second level with a moderate degree of impact, includes personal and social security, desirability and compatibility, institutional, favorable social relations, transportation, infrastructure facilities, open and public space, ecological-biological, proportionality of access to housing, participation, perspective, and employment. The third level, with the total of factors with low impact, includes leisure, location, energy, cleanliness and pollution, financial and credit support, and construction facilities.
 
Conclusion
In order to achieve the livable housing model of Karaj metropolis, the selection process of indicators was done using the literature review, during which the important dimensions and indicators were finalized by the Minister of Indicators using brainstorming. In the continuation of the process, a survey of experts and professors in the field of housing was carried out using the Delphi method, and the obtained averages indicated that the effective elements in the livability pattern are scattered in dimensions and indicators, and it is not possible to say which dimension in Modeling has been more effective. For this reason, the model should be developed in such a way that at each level of that set of dimensions (social, economic, physical, managerial, and environmental) are included. The best way to express the schematic of the pattern is to use nested circles, which can express the levels of the effective elements in it from 5 different directions. Five directions for five dimensions and three circles with the centrality of housing livability express the effects of elements in three levels (high, medium, and low). In such a situation, each level of the pattern witnesses a set of elements in all dimensions, which multiplies the use of pattern. Also, the evaluation of the model from different aspects indicated that it has very high reliability, that there is appropriateness and coordination between its important components, and that it has been able to provide a path for policymakers and planners to create new horizons in formulating housing viability policies in have in front of them.
 

Highlights

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Keywords

References

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Sustainable city
Volume 5, Issue 3
November 2022
Pages 1-20

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