انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایرانمجله شهر پایدار2476-66315320221023Livable housing model: a step towards increasing the livability of urban areas (case study : Karaj metropolis)الگوی مسکن زیست پذیر: گامی به سوی افزایش زیست پذیری محلات شهری (مورد مطالعه: کلان شهر کرج)12016496110.22034/jsc.2023.359974.1648FAسمیه علیپورگروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایرانابوالفضل مشکینیگروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران0000-0002-3071-275XJournal Article20220706One of the basic principles of livability is creating a habitable and safe complex for citizens, which places the possibility of access to suitable housing at the first level of the concept of livability. Housing is considered one of the main spaces of the urban system, whose livability is aligned with urban livability. The aim of the research is to compile a suitable model of housing for urban neighborhoods of the metropolis. Its dimensions, factors and elements should be a guide to reach this pattern. The difference between the present study and other livability studies is in paying special attention to housing from the aspect of livability and also providing a worthy model in this field. The statistical population of the research is Karaj metropolis and other metropolises with the ability to generalize the results. The source of the investigated data is the variables extracted from the studies using the content analysis method, the Delphi method, and a survey of experts. The variables are in the form of 5 dimensions, 24 indicators and 75 sub-indices. The number of indicators examined in this research shows the highest number of indicators that has been done so far in this field. The analysis of the data has been done using the forecasting process and the interaction analysis model in the MICMAC software. Among the advantages of this method, we can point out the possibility of presenting the exact position and effects of the components in the proposed model, which also provides the possibility of drawing the schematic of the model. Brings. The findings indicate that the livable housing model is a combination of elements in 5 dimensions and at the micro level, which consists of three levels of impact (high, medium, low). Each of the levels in the model includes elements and sub-indices that can solve many problems in the housing sector.<br /><strong>Extended Abstract</strong><br /><strong>Introduction</strong><br />Livability in planning and urban development raises issues, including creating a comprehensive habitable, and safe for citizens and its requirements. There is a sufficient agreement in urban planning and housing research to conceptualize livability as an urban condition resulting from interactions with the urban environment. To be operational in life satisfaction or housing satisfaction. Thus, livability is related to residents' satisfaction with their urban environment in the objective and subjective dimensions of housing. It is also agreed that livability is an element of overall QOL. Therefore, satisfaction with housing is one of the criteria that contribute to the quality of life of urban residents and expresses livability. The livability of housing is a behavior pattern in the relationship between people and their interaction with housing, along with the inherent quality of the housing itself, and from the perspective of the people living there, it is to achieve human quality or suitable conditions for life. On the other hand, the livability of a residential environment is one of the criteria for the quality of life of the community, which is measured by different factors in different places. For example, in the United States, livability covers a wide range of long-term efforts by increasing environmental sustainability, density, mixed land-use, and transportation improvements. While in England, instead of paying attention to the planning of the new neighborhood, the livable society is focused on the management and reconstruction of the existing spaces in the neighborhood.<br /> <br /><strong>Methodology</strong><br />The research is an applied study that seeks to solve the problem of reducing the quality of life in residential units and the environment and provide a model to increase housing livability. In terms of nature, it is exploratory research, and the purpose is to know the obvious and hidden angles and the characteristics of the desirable model of housing livability. The Delphi method, one of the most important forecasting methods, was used to collect information. In this method, information or research indicators are collected using a literature search, talking to experts in the relevant field, and conducting focused interviews with housing and livability experts. The statistical community of Delphi experts included 30 experts and university professors who were directly interviewed. The most important variables of livable housing were compiled into 5 dimensions with 32 indicators and 141 sub-indices. Data analysis has been done using the cross-effects analysis matrix in Micmac software.<br /> <br /><strong>Results and discussion</strong><br />The indices that obtained an average above 3.5 from the total of 141 sub-indices with the results of the second round of Delphi were selected for analysis and extraction of results. By choosing the key indicators of the matrix of mutual effects, it was completed using the opinions of experts, and the importance of each variable on each other was determined between (0-3). Among the investigated variables in the housing livability pattern, variable M9, with 2.15%, had the highest percentage of influence and variables M9, with 2.14%, had the strongest influence. The least impact is related to the E3 variable, with 0.69. The lowest percentage of effectiveness is for P3 variables with 0.86 percent. Based on the results obtained from the cross-effects model, the exact location of the factors and elements was determined, and in the next step, the pattern of livable housing was drawn. The diagram of the livable housing model of Karaj metropolis is composed of five aspects by separating physical, economic, environmental, social, and managerial factors and elements and three levels of impact. The first level with the sum of factors with a high degree of impact in the model, includes ownership, population, per capita and density, area, size, building materials, building skeleton, durability and age, type of residence, safety and security, education, health and health, Justice and equality, and housing standards. The second level with a moderate degree of impact, includes personal and social security, desirability and compatibility, institutional, favorable social relations, transportation, infrastructure facilities, open and public space, ecological-biological, proportionality of access to housing, participation, perspective, and employment. The third level, with the total of factors with low impact, includes leisure, location, energy, cleanliness and pollution, financial and credit support, and construction facilities.<br /> <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong><br />In order to achieve the livable housing model of Karaj metropolis, the selection process of indicators was done using the literature review, during which the important dimensions and indicators were finalized by the Minister of Indicators using brainstorming. In the continuation of the process, a survey of experts and professors in the field of housing was carried out using the Delphi method, and the obtained averages indicated that the effective elements in the livability pattern are scattered in dimensions and indicators, and it is not possible to say which dimension in Modeling has been more effective. For this reason, the model should be developed in such a way that at each level of that set of dimensions (social, economic, physical, managerial, and environmental) are included. The best way to express the schematic of the pattern is to use nested circles, which can express the levels of the effective elements in it from 5 different directions. Five directions for five dimensions and three circles with the centrality of housing livability express the effects of elements in three levels (high, medium, and low). In such a situation, each level of the pattern witnesses a set of elements in all dimensions, which multiplies the use of pattern. Also, the evaluation of the model from different aspects indicated that it has very high reliability, that there is appropriateness and coordination between its important components, and that it has been able to provide a path for policymakers and planners to create new horizons in formulating housing viability policies in have in front of them.<br /> یکی از اصول اساسی زیست پذیری ایجاد جامع قابل سکونت و امن برای شهروندان است که امکان دسترسی به مسکن مناسب را در سطح تراز اول زیست پذیری قرار داده است. مسکن یکی از اصلیترین فضاهای سیستم شهری بهحساب آمده که زیست پذیری آن همسو با زیست پذیری شهری است. مسکن زیست پذیر که زیربنای پایداری شهری محسوب میشود مستقیماً با ابعاد اجتماعی، اقتصادی، فیزیکی، مدیریتی و زیست محیطی در ارتباط است. هدف پژوهش تدوین الگوی مناسب مسکن زیست پذیر محلات کلانشهر کرج است. تفاوت مطالعه حاضر با سایر پژوهشهای زیست پذیری در پرداخت ویژه به مسکن از بعد زیست پذیری و همچنین ارائه الگویی مناسب در این زمینه است. جامعه آماری پژوهش کلانشهر کرج و سایر کلانشهرها با قابلیت تعمیم نتایج است. منبع دادهها متغیرهای مستخرج از مطالعات به روش تحلیل محتوا، روش دلفی و نظرسنجی از کارشناسان است. متغیرها در قالب 5 بعد، 24 شاخص و 75 زیر شاخص میباشند. تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها با استفاده از فرایند آیندهنگاری و مدل تحلیل ساختاری تأثیرات متقابل در نرمافزار MICMAC صورت گرفته است. از مزیتهای این روش میتوان به امکان ارائه موقعیت و تأثیرات دقیق مؤلفهها در الگوی پیشنهادی اشاره کرد که این امر امکان ترسیم شماتیک الگو را نیز فراهم میآورد. یافتهها حاکی از آن است الگوی مسکن زیست پذیر تلفیقی از عناصر در ابعاد 5 گانه در سطح خرد با سه سطح تأثیر (زیاد، متوسط، کم)تشکیل شده است. هر کدام از سطوح در الگو عناصر و زیرشاخص هایی را در بر میگیرند که میتواند راهگشای بسیاری از مشکلات موجود در حوزه مسکن باشد. یافتههای ارزششناسی الگو با میانگین 4.8 از 5 نشان میدهد که الگو توانسته ابعاد مختلف مسئله را شناخته و در نظر داشته باشد و این امر بیانگر این است که الگو به خوبی تدوین شده است و قدرت تبیینکنندگی و قابلیت تعمیم آن بالا است.https://www.jscity.ir/article_164961_3431ff7e2cefb10afd4cd01a5224069a.pdfانجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایرانمجله شهر پایدار2476-66315320221023Characteristics and elements of urban open spaces based on social trust model to enhance social interactions A case study The yousef-abad neighborhoodویژگیها و عناصر فضاهای باز شهری بهمنظور جلب اعتماد مطالعه موردی: محله یوسفآباد شهر تهران372116450410.22034/jsc.2021.255162.1341FAحسنی السادات شمس دولت آبادیگروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایرانکیانا اعتمادیگروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایرانطاها ربانیگروه جغرافیا، پردیس علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران00000000000000000000مائده پورفتح الهگروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و هنر، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایرانJournal Article20220706A B S T R A C T<br />The more the urban open space, as a container of urban interactions, provide more suitable conditions for the establishment of effective social relations among its members, the greater the possibility for social growth and the establishment of social trust for the residents of that society. This research was conducted to analyze and explain the effect of urban open spaces on interactions and social trust in the Yousefabad neighborhood of Tehran. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and factor analysis is used as a tool to measure the significance of indicators. In the first stage, interviews with experts were conducted using the snowball method and continued until reaching theoretical saturation with 10 experts. Then, to find key concepts using the content analysis method, open and axial coding was done. In two Delphi rounds, the experts answered the researcher's questionnaire. The results obtained from the questionnaire were subjected to the Q factor analysis and four classifications were obtained from it, which provided the basis for compiling the objective-content table for setting up the questionnaire of space users. In the second step, according to Klein's formula, based on the number of questions in the users' questionnaire, the sample size was calculated to be around 190 people. Space users were questioned using random and cluster sampling and data were evaluated in SPSS version 22 software using R factor analysis. The findings and results of the research show that the eight identified factors include; Sociability, spatial diversity, physical and climatic comfort, the relationship of interaction and social trust with providing environmental needs, recognizability, pedestrian accessibility, spatial flexibility, and psychological comfort with the formation of a cycle influence social trust<br /><strong>Extended Abstract</strong><br /><strong>Introduction</strong><br />The importance of public spaces and their impact on improving the quality of urban life as the most accessible urban spaces, is increasingly understood and manifested every day. Creating connections and, as a result, social interactions are among the most important activities that take place in urban open spaces and potentially provide the ability to influence social trust. As a container of urban interactions, the more urban open spaces provide the best conditions for effective social relations of people, the more opportunities for social growth and the establishment of social trust for the inhabitants of that community. Statistics in our country show that social trust is declining at the national level as well as in the city of Tehran and its neighbourhoods. This indicates the low efficiency of social foundations that have not been able to find a proper place due to the changes and developments of the modern era. On the other hand, the failure of many urban programs to achieve goals is due to a lack of trust and, as a result, low public participation in the design, implementation, and evaluation of programs. The trend of urban development in big cities shows that residential neighborhoods have been exposed to losing of their long-standing personality and identity due to weak development. And the shortcomings that have been forgotten in recent decades need to be remedied. Yousef-Abad is one of the traditional neighbourhoods of Tehran metropolis, and since a large part of the population is old ones, it is predicted that the possibility of social interactions between citizens in the open spaces of this neighbourhood is more than other ones. This research aims to measure the impact of physical-spatial indicators on the level of trust and social participation of citizens in this neighbourhood.<br /> <br /><strong>Methodology</strong><br />The method of the present study is descriptive-analytical, and factor analysis has been used as a tool to assess the significance of the indicators. In the first stage, the experts were interviewed using the snowball method and continued until they reached theoretical saturation with ten experts. Then, to find key concepts, open and axial coding were performed using the content analysis method. In two rounds of Delphi, experts answered the researcher-made questionnaire. The results obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed by factor Q, and as a result, four classifications were obtained, which provided the basis for compiling a goal-content table to prepare a questionnaire for space users. In the second stage, according to Klein's formula based on the number of questions in the user questionnaire, the sample size was calculated to be about 190 people, and finally, 242 people answered the questionnaire. The questionnaires were answered by the residents of the desired sections in the group programs of neighbourhood's house. Space users were interviewed using random sampling and clustering, and the data were evaluated in SPSS software version 22 using factor R analysis.<br /> <br /><strong>Result and discussion</strong><br />After rotating the data, the adequacy of sampling was measured by Bartlett's test of sphericity test. A score higher than 0.6 on the KMO test indicates adequate sample size. The number obtained from the questionnaires in the specified areas of the Yousef-Abad neighbourhood is equal to 0.889, which indicates the adequacy of the sample size. The sig of the Bartlett test is less than 0.05, which means that the correlation value can be calculated. Hence, to create a general pattern among the variables, it is possible to use the available factor analysis. Among the citizens' responses to the questionnaire, eight factors can be identified. The source of extracting these factors is the suggestions of previous studies in similar fields as well as the suggestions of space users in measuring the questionnaire and its validity. Identification of significant factors shows that for 60.121% of the respondents, a fact was commonly understood, and the remaining 39.879% refers to the individual point of view and specific tendencies of each person in the subject, meaning that the eight factors are serious and credible matters for about 60% of respondents.<br /> <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong><br />The results show that the eight identified factors, including sociability, spatial diversity, physical and climatic comfort, the relationship between interaction and social trust with meeting the environmental needs, knowability, pedestrian accessibility, spatial flexibility and psychological comfort, with the formation of cycles affect social trust. In other words, the space provides the conditions for easy pedestrian access by providing physical and environmental comfort and readability, and easy recognition of the environment. People are attracted to space due to easy access, so the sociability of the environment is improved, which causes interaction and trust to grow. In addition, spatial diversity and flexibility also affect the sociability of the environment and alter the factor of interaction and trust by changing the degree of sociability. Hence, the relationships of the factors in the model become complete and meaningful over time. Sociability (eight items and Cronbach's alpha 0.762) and physical comfort (six items and Cronbach's alpha 0.819) show the highest reliability among the identified factors. In this way, opportunities are provided to form various types of communication and social interactions, which in turn increase social trust and participation. Hence, urban spaces that may have previously been meaningless to citizens become understandable and sociable by gaining environmental experience and active interaction. And be effective in attracting them to the pedestrian presence by providing a variety of activities.هرچه فضای باز شهری بهعنوان ظرف تعاملات شهری، شرایط مناسبتری را برای برقراری روابط اجتماعی مؤثر اعضای خود فراهم آورد، امکان بیشتری برای رشد اجتماعی و برقراری اعتماد اجتماعی برای ساکنان آن جامعه متصور خواهد بود. این پژوهش باهدف تحلیل و تبیین اثر فضاهای باز شهری بر تعاملات و اعتماد اجتماعی در محله یوسفآباد شهر تهران انجامشده است. روش پژوهش حاضر توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده و تحلیل عاملی بهعنوان ابزاری برای سنجش معنیداری شاخصها مورداستفاده قرارگرفته است. در مرحله اول مصاحبه با صاحبنظران با بهرهگیری از روش گلوله برفی صورت گرفت و تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری با 10 نفر از خبرگان ادامه یافت. سپس بهمنظور یافتن مفاهیم کلیدی با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا، کدگذاریهای باز و محوری انجام شد. در دو دور دلفی، خبرگان پرسشنامه محقق ساخت را پاسخ دادند. نتایج بهدستآمده از پرسشنامه، تحت تحلیل عامل Q قرار گرفت و چهار طبقهبندی از آن به دست آمد که زمینه را برای تدوین جدول هدف-محتوا برای تنظیم پرسشنامه کاربران فضا فراهم کرد. در مرحله دوم با توجه به فرمول کلاین بر اساس تعداد سؤالات پرسشنامه کاربران، حجم نمونه در حدود نفر 190 محاسبه گردید. کاربران فضا با استفاده از نمونهگیری تصادفی و خوشهای مورد پرسش قرارگرفته و دادهها در نرمافزار SPSS نسخه 22 با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی R ارزیابیشدهاند. یافتهها و نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد که هشت عاملِ شناساییشده شامل؛ اجتماعپذیری، تنوع فضایی، آسایش کالبدی و اقلیمی، رابطه تعامل و اعتماد اجتماعی با تأمین نیازهای محیطی، شناخت پذیری، دسترسیپذیری پیاده، انعطاف فضایی و آسایش روانی با شکلگیری چرخه بر اعتماد اجتماعی تأثیرگذار هستند.https://www.jscity.ir/article_164504_0f6abf236628017add0d70cea64479f8.pdfانجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایرانمجله شهر پایدار2476-66315320221023Analysis and identification of key drivers of city development strategy (CDS) in urban planning; a future research approach to the city categoryتحلیل و شناسایی پیشرانهای کلیدی راهبرد توسعه شهر (CDS) در برنامهریزی شهر، رویکرد آیندهپژوهی به مقوله شهر396016449910.22034/jsc.2022.339279.1621FAکرامت اله زیاریگروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران0000-0001-9135-4768علی حسینیگروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران0000-0002-3942-2222مسعود بهزادی رادگروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران0000-0001-6150-9255Journal Article20220706A B S T R A C T
The process of city development strategy (CDS) was proposed as a content-procedural theory and as a new approach in urban planning by the cities coalition organization to reduce poverty, sustainable development, and promoting participation, and create urban governance. In the urban management system of developing countries, including Iran, several challenges are observed, because the main approach in urban management and planning relies on a comprehensive plan, which is a result of traditional planning that emphasizes development, patterns, and structure. Therefore, adopting strategic structural approaches in the form of a city development strategy seems to be effective to overcome the challenges. The purpose of this research is to analyze and identify the main drivers of city development strategyprograms to achieve the goals of such programs. In this regard, the method of future research has been used in the form of a mix-and-match analysis. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The statistical population of this research is the Delphi group, which was selected from a total of 30 people. Opinion polling in connection with the identification of indicators and determination of key drivers was done in person and also through the capacity of virtual space. The indicators affecting the city's development strategy were investigated in four dimensions economic, environmental-physical, institutional-political, and social-cultural development. The results of the research showed that urban competitiveness, urban branding, government effectiveness, access to public services, and strategic planning will have the greatest impact on the process of city development strategy, which should be considered by urban planners and managers.
<strong>Extended Abstract</strong>
<strong>Introduction</strong>
The world's cities have faced economic, social, and environmental challenges in the last four decades, such as rapid population growth, social and spatial changes, climate change, and energy consumption. These factors have significantly affected the urban areas of developing countries. Therefore, cities worldwide must cope with the effects of globalization and decentralization of responsibilities and fast. Population growth, changes in economic and institutional structures, civil society, and the form and scale of environmental and conflict-related challenges have significantly impacted urbanization and caused urban growth and socio-spatial dynamics in urban areas. Cities play a critical role in the formation of social and economic nature at the global level. Undoubtedly, the discussion of sustainable development will only be meaningful with paying attention to cities and urbanization. Also, cities are considered the main factor causing instability in the world, and urban sustainability and global sustainability are both single concepts.
Today, urban management has evolved. Cities are managed for the welfare and comfort of the citizens. Urban management plays an important role in the success of urban development plans and programs. Cities are considered important tourist destinations due to their natural, historical and cultural attractions. Urban tourism development has positive and negative economic, social, cultural, and environmental effects. As a result, create a balance in this field so that the positive effects are more than the negative effects; it is necessary to take strong management policies. This issue is especially important in connection with sustainable development.
The city development strategy focuses first on the development of the strategy and then on the implementation and sustainability of the initiatives by integrating performance and maintenance issues into the whole process. In this highly unstable global environment, the city development strategyis a process and tool to help local governments and their development partners in creating resilience and the foundation for economic growth, more cohesive communities and improving the living environment. The goals of the city development strategy include achieving improved urban management and governance, achieving economic growth and increasing employment, and reducing poverty and its continuation. Also, its principles are livable, competitive, and bankable. Moreover, it includes governance (governed).
In the meantime, the cities of developing countries face many challenges as it can be seen that the main approach in urban management and planning in Iran relies on the comprehensive plan, which is derived from traditional planning (classic view) and emphasizes the development of patterns and bodies. The preparation and implementation of comprehensive city plans in Iran's urban planning system is aimed at creating an environment for the balanced physical growth of the city. However, in practice, it consumes a lot of money and energy and mostly does not have efficient results and the desired goals are not achieved. With this topic, the research is looking for the future study of the factors affecting the city development strategy (CDS) in the urban planning of Iran.
<strong>Methodology</strong>
In this research, an attempt was made to address the purpose of the research through the study of sources in the literature, interviews with experts in the field of future studies, and questionnaires to seek opinions from experts. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. The statistical population of this research is the Delphi group, which was selected from a total of 30 people, and interviews were conducted in person and through the capacity of virtual space to examine the future and influential and driving factors in the development of urban strategy. In general, there are many variables in the interpretive structural modeling technique, which are briefly mentioned below.
<strong>Results and discussion</strong>
In this part, the factors affecting the city development strategy are analyzed. In this regard, the Mic Mac method of future research has been used. The most important reason for using future research methods is to determine what is necessary for a correct decision, but this information currently needs to be made available. With the help of this information, assumptions can be specified to be tested and changed if necessary. Analyzing mutual or cross effects is a widely used method in future research. In the real world, most events and issues are related to other events and issues in some way, and analyzing these mutual relationships is essential.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>
The city development strategyplan is a strategic approach that has been welcomed in many countries, especially developing countries, because this plan can significantly help these regions in terms of content. Outstanding goals are foreseen in this plan, such as achieving improved urban management and governance, achieving economic growth and increasing employment, and reducing poverty and its continuation. It is also helping to create good city management and governance, which bring good elements of city governance, such as accountability, transparency, and the principle of competition. In the global experiences of the urban development strategy, we have also seen that CDS has good efficiency and effectiveness in the countries of the world, especially the third world, and has successful experiences in many cities of the world, and this is an expression of the successful implementation of the city development strategyin the cities of the world, and it is recommended to use. From this project, the participation of the past implementers of this project in different geographies of the planet should be emphasized and a database of such experiences should be created for the sharing and use of communities.فرایند راهبرد توسعه شهر (CDS) به عنوان یک نظریه رویه ای محتوایی و به عنوان رویکردی نوین در برنامه ریزی شهری توسط سازمان ائتلاف شهرها با هدف کاهش فقر، توسعه پایدار و ارتقای مشارکت و ایجاد حکمروایی شهری مطرح گردید. در نظام مدیریت شهری کشورهای در حال توسعه، از جمله ایران، چالشهای متعددی مشاهده می شود، زیرا رویکرد اصلی در مدیریت و برنامه ریزی شهری متکی به طرح جامع است که ناشی از برنامه ریزی سنتی است که بر توسعه، الگوها و کالبدی تأکید دارد. از این رو اتخاذ رویکردهای ساختاری راهبردی در قالب راهبرد توسعه شهر برای برون از چالشها موثر بهنظر میرسد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر تحلیل و شناسایی پیشران اصلی برنامههای راهبرد توسعه شهری جهت دستیابی به اهداف اینگونه برنامهها است. در این راستا از روش آینده پژوهی و در قالب تحلیل میک مک بهره گرفته شده است. این تحقیق به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و بهلحاظ ماهیت توصیفی - تحلیلی میباشد. جامعه آماری این تحقیق، گروه دلفی میباشد که مجموعاً 30 نفر انتخاب گردید. نظرخواهی در ارتباط با شناسایی شاخصها و تعیین پیشرانهای کلیدی به صورت حضوری و همچنین از طریق ظرفیت فضای مجازی انجام شد. شاخص های موثر بر راهبرد توسعه شهر در چهار بعد توسعه اقتصادی، محیطی- کالبدی، نهادی-سیاسی و اجتماعی- فرهنگی بررسی شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد رقابتپذیری شهری، برندسازی شهری، اثربخشی دولت، دسترسی به خدمات عمومی و برنامه ریزی راهبردی بیشترین میزان تاثیرگذاری بر فرایند راهبرد توسعه شهر را خواهند داشت که باید مورد توجه برنامه ریزان و مدیران شهری قرار گیرد.https://www.jscity.ir/article_164499_3c0a156be80f246a5a9b8b3b7dfd4ebe.pdfانجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایرانمجله شهر پایدار2476-66315320221023Investigating the Effect of Covid-19 on the Social Functions of Third Places
The Case Study of Cafes in Tabrizبررسی تأثیر پاندمی کووید19 بر کارکردهای اجتماعی مکانهای سوم مطالعه موردی: کافههای شهر تبریز617016231910.22034/jsc.2021.284812.1465FAفرناز دیبازرگروه معماری ،دانشکده هنر و معماری،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز ، ایران0000-0001-7877-5357سحر طوفانگروه معماری ،دانشکده هنر و معماری،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز ، ایران0000-0002-1298-513Xسیروس جمالیگروه معماری ،دانشکده هنر و معماری،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز ، ایراننیما ولیزادهگروه معماری ،دانشکده هنر و معماری،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز ، ایرانJournal Article20220707A B S T R A C T<br />Third places, with the help of their characteristics, create stability and increase resilience in cities. They have a high support capability in times of crisis and are effective in the social stability of the society. When the emerging crisis disrupts the support role of the third place, the potential for public assistance and unity in the face of the crisis is reduced. The outbreak of the Covid-19 virus is an example of this crisis, which can weaken social stability due to the mandatory restrictions that come with it, in addition to the health problems imposed on society. Cafes are a concrete example of third places that, with the aim of the pathology of the covid-19 pandemic on social stability formed by them, in the present study, the effect of five components of weakening the economy, fear of disease, decreasing social interactions, decreasing the sense of place and decreasing accessibility on the weakening of stability was investigated. Social security was paid due to covid-19. The research method is descriptive-analytical and correlational. The questionnaire was designed in the Likert scale and AMOSE software and structural equation analysis method were used for data analysis. The number of usable samples according to Cochran's formula and Morgan's table is 392 samples. The results of the research showed that the fear of disease with 99% confidence with a standardized coefficient of 0.468% has the greatest effect on reducing social stability. Also, the two components of decreasing social interactions and decreasing accessibility with 95% confidence, respectively, with standard coefficients of 0.160 and 0.056%, after the component of fear of disease, have the greatest direct effect in weakening the social stability formed by cafes in Tabriz city. have. The effect of the components of the sense of place with a coefficient of -0.236 due to the effect on the fear of disease and the economy with an effective coefficient of 0.067 on the social stability formed in cafes is indirect.<br /><strong>Extended Abstract</strong><br /><strong>Introduction</strong><br />Third places, with the help of their unique features, by recognizing the everyday life of citizens and creating a suitable platform for dialogue, increasing attachment, socializing and establishing new relationships, and finally repairing and creating social interactions, cause the sustainable formation and increase resilience in cities and achieve social goals of sustainable development such as social justice, popular participation, awareness for sustainability, social solidarity, security, sense of responsibility, valuing the city's indigenous traditions, and improving citizens’ quality of life. Social sustainability, through its components and direct effects on quality of life indicators, economic and environmental dimensions, also affects sustainable development. On the other hand, third places in times of crisis have a high level of support and cause the formation of voluntary and spontaneous assistance to resolve the problem and raise the level of resilience by creating a process of connecting a set of adaptive capacities to a positive functional path and adaptation after a disaster. When a crisis arises, that disrupts the functioning of third spaces, the potential for public assistance is diminished. The prevalence of infectious diseases such as Covid-19 is an example of this crisis, which due to the overcrowding factor in the spread of the disease, third places that contribute to unity and social stability are significantly limited and, in some cases, closed. In the first four months after the outbreak of Covid-19, with more than 2.8 million cases worldwide, an international health crisis and concern. Due to the contagious nature of the virus, it is recommended to limit social interactions. By affecting safety, health, financial security, and the sense of security, Covid-19 has potentially undermined social stability and the overall stability of economic systems. Considering the importance of social sustainability and the role of third places in urban life and interactions, this study aimed to study the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic effect on the performance of cafes as a tangible and famous example of third<br /> <br />places, social stability, and recognition of their damages, replacement, and elimination of damages in the pandemic, and possible future crises. The present study seeks to answer the question that, assuming the influence of third places on social sustainability, what is the effect of Covid-19 on the components of social sustainability related to cafes in Tabriz as an example of a third place?<br /> <br /><strong>Methodology</strong><br />The present study investigated the effects of five components of weakening economy, fear of disease, decreased social interactions, decreased sense of place, and reduced accessibility on the weakening of social stability due to Covid-19. The study is part of correlational and descriptive-analytical researches and is based on library documents and questionnaires. Because the study has several latent variables, to investigate the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on social stability and its components, structural equation modeling based on covariance was used to confirm or reject the assumptions, the degree of the direct and indirect effect of each variable also be reviewed. The questionnaires are based on the Likert scale, and AMOS software is exerted to analyze the data. The statistical population includes all cafes in Tabriz. The number of samples is 392, and the participants in the study have both females and males, in the age range of 15-55 years.<br /> <br /><strong>Results and discussion</strong><br />All components studied in this study have a direct and indirect impact on social sustainability. Fear of disease with 99% confidence with a standard coefficient of 0.468% has the most significant effect on reducing social sustainability. Also, the two components of reduced social interactions and accessibility with 95% confidence with standard coefficients of 0.160 and 0.056%, respectively, after the element of fear of disease, have the most significant direct impact on undermining social stability formed by cafes in the city of Tabriz. The effect of sense of place components with a coefficient of -0.236 is indirectly due to the impact on fear of disease and the economy with an impact factor of 0.067 with an effect on social interactions on social stability formed in cafes.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Conclusion</strong><br />The pathology of the Covid-19 pandemic examined the social sustainability formed by cafes in five components: economy, accessibility, social interaction, fear of disease, and sense of place. The results show that all components have a direct and indirect impact on social sustainability. The three components of fear of illness, social interactions, and accessibility have the most direct impact, respectively. The component of economics indirectly affects social stability by directly affecting social interactions. The sense of place component is inversely related to the fear component of the disease and indirectly affects social stability. In a way that with increasing fear of disease, the sensation decreases. It seems that controlling the fear of disease can have a positive effect on other components. Also, fear of disease is one of the factors reducing the presence of cafes in the city of Tabriz. The severity of the fear factor can be reduced by improving the environment of the cafes, taking into account the health points, controlling the population of the people present in the cafe, creating individual distances or spatial separations (for example, glass partitions) until the control of Covid-19 as a fear factor. Considering the effect of social interactions on social stability and the decrease in interactions due to the decline in attendance in the Covid-19 period; creating an effective connection between cyberspace and cafes as an example of a third place, creating the potential to relive the memories created by being in cafes and providing a platform for the formation of virtual social interactions, can be effective in cover the limitations of attending cafes as an example of a third place, and prevent the reduction of social stability.<br /> <br /><strong>Funding</strong><br />There is no funding support.<br /> <br /><strong>Authors’ Contribution </strong><br />All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.<br /> <br /><strong>Conflict of Interest </strong><br />Authors declared no conflict of interest.<br /> <br /><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br />We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.مکانهای سوم به کمک ویژگیهای خود باعث ایجاد پایداری و افزایش تابآوری در شهرها میشوند. آنها در مواقع بحران قابلیت حمایتگری بالایی دارند و در پایداری اجتماعی جامعه اثرگذار هستند. زمانی که بحران به وجود آمده باعث ایجاد اختلال در نقش حمایتی مکان سوم شود پتانسیل کمکهای مردمی و اتحاد در مقابل بحران کاهش پیدا میکند. شیوع ویروس کووید19 نمونهای از این بحران است که با توجه به محدودیتهای اجباری همراه خود علاوه بر مشکلات سلامتی تحمیلشده بر یک جامعه میتواند باعث تضعیف پایداری اجتماعی شود. کافهها نمونهای ملموس از مکانهای سوم هستند که باهدف آسیبشناسی پاندمیکووید19 بر پایداری اجتماعی شکلگرفته بهواسطه آنها, در پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تأثیر پنج مؤلفه تضعیف اقتصاد، ترس از بیماری، کم شدن تعاملات اجتماعی، کم شدن حس مکان و کم شدن قابلیت دسترسی بر تضعیف پایداری اجتماعی به دلیل کووید19پرداخته شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی_تحلیلی و همبستگی است. پرسشنامه در طیف لیکرت طراحیشده و از نرمافزار و AMOSE و روش معادلات ساختاری تحلیل برای تحلیل دادهها استفادهشده است . تعداد نمونههای قابلاستفاده با توجه به فرمول کوکران و جدول مورگان 392 نمونه است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد ترس از بیماری با اطمینان 99 درصد با ضریب استاندار 468/0 درصد بیشترین تأثیر را در کم شدن پایداری اجتماعی دارد. همچنین دو مؤلفه کم شدن تعاملات اجتماعی و کم شدن قابلیت دسترسی با اطمینان 95 درصد به ترتیب با ضریب استاندارد 160/0 و 056/0 درصد بعد از مؤلفه ترس از بیماری، بیشترین تأثیر مستقیم را در تضعیف پایداری اجتماعی شکلگرفته بهواسطه کافهها در شهر تبریز دارند. تأثیر مؤلفههای حس مکان با ضریب 236/0- بهواسطه تأثیر بر ترس از بیماری و اقتصاد با ضریب تأثیر 067/0 با تأثیر بر تعاملات اجتماعی بر پایداری اجتماعی شکلگرفته در کافهها بهصورت غیرمستقیم است.https://www.jscity.ir/article_162319_526de2b54bdd1919366717fcf8e94a1b.pdfانجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایرانمجله شهر پایدار2476-66315320221023An Analysis of the Future of Public Transport Systems in the Framework of Environmental Sustainability the Case Study of Tehran Metropolitanتحلیلی بر آینده سیستمهای حملونقل عمومی در چارچوب پایداری زیستمحیطی مطالعه موردی: کلانشهر تهران718816450210.22034/jsc.2021.315992.1579FAتهمینه علیزادهگروه جغرافیا، واحد نور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نور، ایرانhttps://orcid.org/00جلال عظیمی آملیگروه جغرافیا، واحد نور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نور، ایرانصدرالدین متولیگروه جغرافیا، واحد نور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نور، ایرانرحیم سرورگروه جغرافیا، واحد علوم تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایرانJournal Article20220707A B S T R A C T
As previous studies have shown, despite the breadth and variety of criteria explaining sustainability, the factors affecting its realization are generally neglected and especially in the field of public transportation systems and future studies, there are theoretical gaps. Therefore, in the present study, the future of the public transportation system of Tehran metropolis was explained and modeled as a study sample for the year 2031. The data used included environmental survey variables and interviews with experts. To analyze the data, the structural analysis method based on Micmac software and the scenario analysis method with Scenario Wizard software were used. The results showed that the public transportation system of Tehran metropolis is a very vulnerable and fragile system and due to the high interaction of the system factors, with the smallest change in the key drivers, other variables of the system also undergo serious changes and make it more and more distant from the stability components. they say Based on the identification of eight key drivers and three predetermined factors, a total of 11 scenarios were identified, including two improbable scenarios, three incompatible scenarios, one scenario with a weak probability of occurrence, two scenarios with a medium probability of occurrence, and three scenarios with a strong probability of occurrence. Finally, it was concluded that in the next 10 years, Tehran will face a more individualistic and aging social structure, a fragile environmental structure with high pollution and possibly an unstable economic structure. Such a city needs a type of public transportation system that can meet the demands of all groups and citizens at a low cost and is accessible with inclusive features
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Regardless of the sociological factors and the social and behavioural contexts encouraging the use of private cars in Tehran, it seems that the lack of a vision based on the future and as a result, the lack of a coherent and efficient plan to guide and improve the public transportation system of the metropolis of Tehran towards the element of sustainability, Among the inefficiencies of the management and policy-making system of Tehran city. The lack of a future-based perspective has caused transformational measures to be implemented in the city's public transportation system in a phased manner, and with the change of management periods, including the change of mayors and Islamic councils, these policies have also been changed or forgotten. It can be said that the planning and policy-making system of urban development in the country's metropolises, including in the metropolis of Tehran, not only has not considered the future-based approach in its planning, including in the field of transportation but its planning is based on the traditional idea of "know, analyze, plan". which is based on recognizing the problems of the current situation of a phenomenon and presenting a plan and program based on the same problems of the current situation. This method is now obsolete.
Based on all the topics raised, the current research seeks to answer the following two questions:
1) "Sustainability" of public transportation systems of Tehran metropolis in the future of 20 years is affected by what drivers?
2) Based on the most important drivers affecting the future of Tehran's public transportation systems, what realistic scenarios can be proposed and implemented for the next 20 years?
Methodology
The method used in this research is foresight based on scenario analysis. In this way, based on the most likely images and future perspectives of the system, possible scenarios for the future of the city's public transportation are presented. The data used are obtained from sources such as the theoretical literature of the subject and previous research, and interviews with experts. The interviewees included 14 specialists and university professors who are experts in the field of urban transportation. Experts were identified by a targeted snowball method. To analyze the data, the structural analysis method with the cross effects matrix technique was used in Mic Mac software and the scenario analysis method was used in Scenario Wizard software. Simultaneously with this questionnaire, another questionnaire was distributed to evaluate the importance and certainty of drivers in the range of 1 to 10. Based on the results of these two questionnaires, the drivers were monitored and screened and the key drivers were determined. These key drivers were evaluated in the form of several scenarios and the possible states of each driver were determined in three favourable, static and critical states. Finally, strong, compatible and probable scenarios were identified.
Results and discussion
Based on the results, the drivers of public transportation in Tehran include 8 influential variables, 7 effective variables, 21 two-way variables and 5 less important variables. The dispersion of the variables on the diagonal axis of the Mik-Mak diagram shows that the system in question is unstable and fragile. In such a system, due to the dominance of two-way drives that have high effectiveness and effectiveness at the same time, with the smallest change in a variable, the whole system is disrupted. As seen in Figure 4, 11 propellants had high effectiveness and 16 propellants had high effectiveness. It can be said that the future of the public transportation system of the Tehran metropolis depends on these few drivers. To what extent do Tehran's governing bodies and urban management accept environmental standards and regulate the quality of public transportation services with these standards, to what extent do they support clean energy, and on the other hand, how are their relations with transportation equipment manufacturing companies and also To what extent international sanctions can be effective will determine the future of public transportation in Tehran.
Conclusion
By identifying the most important drivers related to the future of Tehran's public transportation system, the present study showed that the factors and drivers affecting this system have a high interaction, which results in the creation of a fragile and vulnerable system with a high influence of political and economic developments and trends. Is. The stability of this system depends on a series of factors and trends outside the system.
Based on the obtained results, the most important driving forces shaping the future of the public transportation system in Tehran, such as the amount of budget allocation and credits to the public transportation system, how to manage travel demand, the amount of acceptance of private cars by citizens, the number of pollutant emissions, the amount of application of environmental standards, the amount Acceptance and development of new technologies, the effectiveness of international sanctions and the presence or absence of a coherent and purposeful vision in the body of urban management.
Based on the results obtained from the analysis of the future scenarios of this system, it can be said that due to the critical nature of most of the possible situations in each of the key drivers, there is no bright future for public transportation in Tehran. Because the probability of favourable scenarios is very low. In addition, in the next 10 years, Tehran will face a more individualistic and ageing social structure, a fragile environmental structure with high pollution, and possibly an unstable economic structure. Such a city needs a type of public transportation system that can meet the demands of all groups and citizens at a low cost and is accessible with the characteristic of inclusiveness and ubiquity.
Funding
There is no funding support.
Authors’ Contribution
All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.
همانطور که مطالعات پیشین نشان دادهاند، علیرغم گستردگی و تنوع معیارهای تبیینکننده پایداری، عوامل موثر بر تحقق آن بهطورکلی مغفول مانده و بهویژه در زمینه سیستمهای حملونقل عمومی و مطالعات آینده دارای خلاءهای نظری میباشد. لذا در مطالعه حاضر آینده سیستم حملونقل عمومی کلانشهر تهران بهعنوان نمونه مطالعاتی برای سال 1410 تبیین و مدلسازی شد. دادههای مورداستفاده شامل متغیرهای پویش محیطی و مصاحبه با خبرگان بود. برای تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها از روش تحلیل ساختاری بر پایه نرمافزار میکمک و روش تحلیل سناریو با نرمافزار سناریو ویزارد استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که سیستم حملونقل عمومی کلانشهر تهران یک سیستم بسیار آسیبپذیر و شکننده است و به دلیل برهمکنش بالای عوامل سیستم، با کوچکترین تغییر در پیشرانهای کلیدی، سایر متغیرهای سیستم نیز دستخوش تغییراتی جدی میشوند و آن را هر چه بیشتر از مؤلفههای پایداری دور مینمایند. بر اساس شناسایی هشت پیشران کلیدی و سه عامل از پیش معیّن، درمجموع 11 سناریو شناسایی شد که شامل دو سناریوی غیرمحتمل، سه سناریوی ناسازگار، یک سناریو با احتمال وقوع ضعیف، دو سناریو با احتمال وقوع متوسط و سه سناریو با احتمال وقوع قوی است. درنهایت این نتیجه به دست آمد که تهران در 10 سال آینده با یک ساختار اجتماعی فردگراتر و سالخوردهتر، ساختار زیستمحیطی شکننده با آلایندگی بالا و احتمالاً ساختار اقتصادی بیثبات مواجه خواهد بود. چنین شهری نیاز بهنوعی از سیستمهای حملونقل عمومی دارد که ضمن برآورده ساختن مطالبات تمامی گروهها و شهروندان، با هزینهای کم و با ویژگی همهشمولی و فراگیر بودن قابلدسترس باشدhttps://www.jscity.ir/article_164502_b0d766459e4000dc16ef5b312e2e66f3.pdfانجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایرانمجله شهر پایدار2476-66315320221023Evaluation of infill development capacities with Emphasizing on infill Development Strategy in the Case Study of Ardabil Cityارزیابی ظرفیتهای درونی شهری با تأکید بر راهبرد توسعه میانافزا مطالعه موردی: شهر اردبیل8910416450010.22034/jsc.2020.201336.1121FAحسین نظم فرگروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایرانسمیه محمدی حمیدیگروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایرانعظیم مهاجریگروه روانشناسی، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، اردبیل، ایرانJournal Article20220707A B S T R A C T
Cities to expand on their peripheral surroundings, regardless of the various physical, environmental, social and economic impacts. development is one of the new strategies to counter the physical development of cities. The main purpose of this strategy is to recapture lost or destroyed urban spaces. The type of research is applied -Practical and its method is analytical. Shannon and Holdern's entropy coefficient method to analyze the data and information for measuring the sprawl of the city, the nearest index for the model of infill development capacity distribution and the Vikor model for ranking the urban areas according to the studied land uses was used. According to the Shannon entropy coefficient calculations, the value of ln (n) is obtained at 1.38, which indicates that urban sprawl and physical development are sparse compared with the urban entropy coefficient of 1.37. Holderen's results also show that about 90 per cent of the city's growth was due to population growth, and only 0.09 per cent was to the city's horizontal and spiral growth. A comparative study of the proposed area and the urban area surveyed reveal that approximately 917 hectares of proposed landfill levels have not yet been met. While the city's infill capacity is 2408 hectares. By comparative comparison, the area is measured at a numerical average of the nearest-neighbour ratio of -27.58. Since this value is smaller than one, we, therefore, conclude that the inner city capacities are clustered throughout the city. Finally, according to the results of the Vikor method, region 3 has the highest infill development capacity with 36.15.
<strong>Extended Abstract</strong>
<strong>Introduction</strong>
Along with other cities in the country, the city of Ardabil underwent a serious transformation after the recent developments in the urban planning system. The role of Ardabil city around 1365 and before that was a dual role, on the one hand, it was a centre providing various social and personal services, as well as a large consumer market for agricultural products and a centre for collecting and exporting them outside the city. As the political centre of Ardabil province, this city became the capital of the province in 1370, which intensified the physical and demographic growth of the city, so that the population of the city was 83,596 thousand people in 1345, which reached 340,386 thousand people in 1375. Also, according to the results of the last census in 2015, this number has reached 527,264 thousand people, which is more than seven times compared to 2015. This trend of population growth was manifested in scattered urban growth along with the integration of villages and the change of agricultural land use on the edge of the city. So the area of the city has reached from 63/1389 hectares in 1345 to 1580 hectares in 1357 and 60000 hectares in 1385. The need to pay attention to the future development of the city and the need to guide and manage it has made it more than necessary. The city of Ardabil is one of the 1148 cities in the country and among the cities whose urban population has been affected by two phenomena of immigration and natural growth in the last few decades. Mawalid has taken an accelerated trend. This article aims to answer these questions: does Ardabil city have internal capacities for development? And that this solution can be a strategy to prevent excessive physical growth of the city. To answer these questions, first, the amount of horizontal urban growth has been determined, then the internal capacities of the city have been identified, and finally, the feasibility of the ability to respond to these capacities has been investigated to estimate the land needed for the future development of the city.
<strong>Methodology</strong>
The current research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and based on descriptive-explanatory method. The required data and information have been collected by document method from library sources and official statistical reports of the country and Ardabil city. Shannon and Heldren's entropy method and tools available in ARC GIS software will be used to analyze data and information.
<strong>Results and discussion</strong>
By studying the current situation, we see that the city of Ardabil has been developed scattered in all directions, especially in the entrance and exit axes of the city (Astara - Ardabil, Tabriz, Ardabil, Khalkhal, Ardabil and Meshkinshahr - Ardabil). In the detailed plan, the physical boundaries of the city have been determined in such a way that with the aim of preserving the surrounding agricultural lands, it prevents the horizontal development of the city and at the same time provides the ground for the connection of the surrounding villages to the city complex. Currently, the area of Ardabil city has expanded beyond the proposed area of the detailed plan, and this has led to the horizontal and discontinuous expansion of the city, especially in the western and southern areas of the city.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>
In this research, a total of 6 land uses, which according to the opinion of urban experts are introduced as brown or brown land land uses, were studied and investigated. As the results of the research show, the city of Ardabil has always faced sprawl and scattered physical development. The results of Shannon's entropy coefficient also proved this. Also, the results of Heldren's method have shown that one of the most important causes of this vast physical growth of the city is the growth of the urban population. And less than one percent of it is due to physical growth and development.
<strong>Funding</strong>
There is no funding support.
<strong>Authors’ Contribution </strong>
All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.
<strong>Conflict of Interest </strong>
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
<strong>Acknowledgments</strong>
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.راهبرد توسعه میانافزا یکی از راهبردهای نوین در زمینه مقابله با توسعه فیزیکی شهرها مطرحشده است. هدف اصلی این راهبرد تسخیر مجدد فضاهای شهری ازدسترفته و یا تخریبشده میباشد. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی ظرفیتهای توسعه درونی این شهر میباشد. نوع تحقیق کاربردی- توسعهای و روش آن توصیفی-تحلیلی میباشد. جهت تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها و اطلاعات از روش ضریب آنتروپی شانون و هلدرن برای سنجش توسعه فیزیکی شهر، شاخص نزدیکترین برای الگوی توزیع ظرفیتهای درونی شهر و مدل ویکور جهت رتبهبندی مناطق شهر با توجه کاربریهای موردمطالعه استفادهشده است. طبق محاسبات ضریب آنتروپی شانون، میزان ln(n) 38/1 بهدستآمده است که در مقایسه با میزان ضریب آنتروپی شهر که 37/1 بهدستآمده است نشانگر رشد و توسعه فیزیکی شهری پراکنده و رشد بیقواره شهری میباشد. همچنین نتایج هلدرن نیز نشان میدهد، حدود 90 درصد از رشد شهر ناشی از رشد جمعیت بوده است و تنها 0.09 درصد مربوط به رشد افقی و اسپرال شهر بوده است. با بررسی تطبیقی میزان مساحت پیشنهادی و مساحت محقق شده شهری مشخص میشود که حدود 917 هکتار از سطوح کاربریهای پیشنهادی هنوز محقق نشده است. درحالیکه میزان ظرفیتهای درونی برای این شهر معادل 2408 هکتار میباشد. با مقایسه تطبیقی مشخص میگردد، میزان مساحت بر اساس میانگین عددی، نسبت نزدیکترین همسایگی 58/27- اندازهگیری شده است. ازآنجاکه این مقدار کوچکتر از یک است، بنابراین نتیجه میگیریم ظرفیتهای درونی شهری بهصورت خوشهای در سطح شهر توزیعشده است. درنهایت طبق نتایج روش ویکور منطقه 3 شهر با 15/36 دارای بیشترین ظرفیت درونی شهر میباشد.https://www.jscity.ir/article_164500_c476fe68e8977759b5350a5a05e66e72.pdfانجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایرانمجله شهر پایدار2476-66315320221023Zoning and Spatial Analysis of Urban Poverty
The Case Study of Hamadan Cityپهنهبندی و تحلیل فضایی فقر شهری مطالعه موردی: شهر همدان10512416450310.22034/jsc.2021.240978.1281FAعامر نیک پورگروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایرانمحمد سلیمانیگروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایرانبهناز محمدیاریگروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایرانJournal Article20220707A B S T R A C T
Urban poverty is one of the biggest and most important challenges facing modern society. This phenomenon has negative physical, economic and social consequences for the city and its residents. Therefore, identifying the constituent factors and how they are distributed at the city level is an excellent help for urban management and planning. The research aims to analyze the spatial distribution of poverty indicators at the level of the statistical blocks of Hamadan City. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The poverty indicators were extracted based on the raw data of the statistical blocks of Hamadan City in 2015. The exploratory factor analysis method was used to better identify the effective indicators in urban poverty and form a new structure for it. The result was the reduction of 18 poverty indicators to 4 main factors, which explained 62.8% of the cumulative variance. To perform spatial analysis, the hot spots method was used in the ArcGIS software environment, according to which the most important areas of poverty are concentrated in the northeastern, eastern and western parts of Hamedan, and the prosperous area is concentrated in the central and southwestern parts. In total, the poverty zone occupies 27.36% of the room and 48.84% of the population, the prosperity zone occupies 20.47% of the site and 7.85% of the city's population, and the rest of the city space is located in the middle zone. Also, using Geoda software, the spatial autocorrelation of the city's poverty was investigated at the area level. Moran's statistic with a coefficient of 0.677 showed that the spatial pattern of poverty in Hamedan City has a cluster pattern with high concentration
<strong>Extended Abstract</strong>
<strong>Introduction</strong>
Currently, urbanization and poverty reduction are two important aspects related to global sustainable development. Eradicating urban poverty is one of the main priorities of the new United Nations Urban Plan. Urban poverty is a complex phenomenon that has undermined the sustainable development of some cities, regions and countries around the world. Systemic change and sustainable development policies require renewal and addressing the many problems that the nature of urban poverty has for housing, environment, health, education, social security, livelihood, and special needs create vulnerable groups. In the meantime, it is necessary to identify the different dimensions of poverty in order to try to solve the existing problems of Hamedan city. In general, it can be said that the socio-political and economic structures of the country are responsible for urban poverty and the emergence of marginalized, poor people and informal housing in Hamedan city and the suburbs, which leaves poor people with the least facilities in these areas. Therefore, today, in the effort to achieve human development, measuring and determining urban poverty is an issue that is pursued in human development policy and management in many countries facing it, and this requires the adoption of scientific methods, especially in geographical determining of the urban poverty zones through the use of statistical methods and the definition of appropriate indicators to recognize the different dimensions of urban poverty. In this regard, in the present study, an attempt has been made to answer the following question:
-What is the spatial distribution of urban poverty indicators in Hamadan city?
<strong>Methodology</strong>
The present research is applied and descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose, nature and research method, respectively. The statistical population of this study is Hamedan city in 2016. The data related to the theoretical foundations of the research have been prepared in a library and documentary manner and the raw data of the research have been extracted from the statistical blocks of Hamadan in 2016. Due to the large number of indicators used to measure the amount, in order to reduce the number of indicators to several factors, factor analysis was exerted in the SPSS software. Factor analysis is a multivariate method used to summarize or reduce data. Thus, this method converts many variables that explain a subject into a smaller number of hidden dimensions that are called factors. In the first part, confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Then, in order to achieve better results, exploratory factor analysis was performed. Using factor analysis method, 18 indicators were classified into 4 factors. By combining four factors, the final factor of poverty was obtained. Hot spot analysis was performed first for all four factors and then the final factor (combination); by converting the hot spot map of each factor to a raster layer, a poverty zoning map was drawn. Finally, to measure spatial autocorrelation, the local Moran model in the GeoDa software was used. This method reveals the structure of spatial autocorrelation within regions by identifying local clusters with high or low values and regions with a greater share in overall spatial autocorrelation. In fact, this method also identifies specific areas or a group of adjacent areas that have deviated from the general pattern of spatial autocorrelation.
<strong>Results and discussion</strong>
According to the zoning of the final cause of poverty in Hamedan, the concentration of poverty in the northeastern and eastern parts, namely the third and fourth districts, including Silo, Azadegan, Haj Enayat, Janat, Rezvan alley and Phase 2 civil town in District 3 of the municipality. Also, Sadeghieh, Motahhari and Farhangian neighborhoods include phases one to three in District 4 of the municipality, and the prosperous area in the central and southwestern parts, including Etemadiyeh, Black Alley, Imran, Beheshti and Mazdagineh in District 2 of the municipality. In total, the poverty zone includes 2647 blocks and 27.36 percent of the area and 48.84 percent of the population and 49.22 percent of the city household and the welfare zone includes 1622 blocks and with 20.47 percent of the area and 7.85 percent of the population and 8 percent of the household.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>
In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the distribution pattern of urban poverty in the blocks of Hamadan. For this purpose, 18 indicators extracted from statistical blocks have been used. The results of combining the indicators showed that the concentration of poverty is observed in the northeastern and eastern and western parts of Hamadan and the welfare zone in the central and southwestern parts. Other results showed that in total, the poverty zone accounted for 38.09% of urban blocks, 27.36% of area and 48.84% of the population and the welfare zone covers 23.34% of the urban blocks, 20.47% of the urban area and 7.85% of the city population. Also, based on the ranking of neighborhoods in terms of poverty, it can be said that the highest number with 32 neighborhoods belongs to the middle range with a class range (200.50-73.23), the second class with 20 neighborhoods belongs to the desirable spectrum with class range (0.00-73.23), and the third class with 12 neighborhoods is related to the undesirable spectrum with class range (200.50-499.81). Finally, using Moran statistics, the spatial autocorrelation of poverty in the city was investigated and the value of 0.677 indicates a cluster pattern with a high concentration of poverty in Hamadan city. The spatial distribution of poverty in Hamedan shows that inequality is increasing day by day and the city is moving towards polarization, which reflects the fact that Hamedan city is weak in terms of infrastructure investment and economic and social development. In fact, it can be said that the increase in poverty in this city is a reflection of poor administrative and political performance at various levels of urban, regional and territorial, which has led to intensified spatial injustice and increased dissatisfaction of the poor.
<strong>Funding</strong>
There is no funding support.
<strong>Authors’ Contribution </strong>
All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.
<strong>Conflict of Interest </strong>
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
<strong>Acknowledgments</strong>
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.فقر شهری یکی از بزرگترین و مهمترین چالشهای فرا روی جامعه مدرن است. این پدیده تبعات منفی کالبدی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی برای شهر و ساکنین آن به دنبال دارد. بنابراین شناسایی عوامل تشکیلدهنده و نحوه توزیع آن در سطح شهر کمک شایانی به مدیریت و برنامهریزی شهری است. هدف پژوهش، تحلیل پراکنش فضایی شاخصها و نماگرهای فقر در سطح بلوکهای آماری شهر همدان است. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر روش توصیفی-تحلیلی میباشد. شاخصهای فقر بر اساس دادههای خام بلوکهای آماری شهر همدان در سال 1395 استخراجشده است. برای شناسایی بهتر شاخصهای موثر در فقر شهری و تشکیل ساختار جدید برای آن از روش تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی استفاده شد. نتیجه آن، تقلیل 18 شاخص فقر به 4 عامل اصلی بوده که درمجموع 8/62 درصد از واریانس تجمعی را تبیین نمودهاند. برای انجام تحلیل فضایی، از روش لکههای داغ در محیط نرمافزار ArcGIS استفاده شد، که طبق آن مهمترین پهنههای فقر در قسمتهای شمال شرقی، شرق و غرب همدان و پهنه مرفه در قسمتهای مرکزی و جنوب غربی تمرکزیافته است. درمجموع پهنه فقر 36/ 27 درصد مساحت و 84/48 درصد جمعیت و پهنه رفاه 47/20 درصد از مساحت و 85/7 درصد جمعیت شهر را به خود اختصاص داده است و باقیمانده فضای شهر، در پهنه متوسط جای گرفتهاند. همچنین با استفاده از نرمافزار Geoda، خودهمبستگی فضایی فقر شهر در سطح محدوده موردبررسی قرار گرفت و آماره موران با ضریب 677/0 نشان داد که الگوی فضایی فقر در شهر همدان از الگوی خوشهای با تمرکز بالا برخوردار است.https://www.jscity.ir/article_164503_a5d4cdd899681bb223cd1c8f6200ffe3.pdfانجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایرانمجله شهر پایدار2476-66315320221023Compilation of the effective indicators of the smart city in the intermediate development of the 8th district of Tabrizتدوین شاخصهای مؤثر شهر هوشمند در توسعه میان افزای منطقه 8 تبریز12514416450510.22034/jsc.2022.202613.1133FAآرزو شفاعتیگروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران0000-0003-4529-3487رضا ولی زادهگروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران0000-0002-7782-1101اکبر رحیمیگروه مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران0000-0002-9556-1163علی پناهیگروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران0000-0003-0243-2034Journal Article20220707A B S T R A C T
In recent years, the excessive spatial expansion of cities, along with the unplanned development plans, especially in big cities like Tabriz, has caused the creation of new urban textures and as a result, relocated residents and uses to new areas. As a result, the historical and old contexts of these cities have changed their function and have tended to the worn-out urban regions and the loss of urban life, stagnation and exhaustion. For this purpose, first, by studying the available documents, all the factors involved in the smart development and the integration of the worn-out urban fabric were studied, and by using the Delphi method, 53 variables were extracted in the mentioned basin. For data analysis, the interaction/structural effects analysis method was used by FL Micmac software. Also, Scenario Wizard software was used to develop scenarios. The results of the research show the instability of the system in the metropolis of Tabriz, based on which, five categories of influential, two-faceted, influential, independent and identifiable risk factors are identified, after identifying 14 key factors through risk and influencing variables, as a result, 8 final key components were selected. And these factors were entered into the Scenario Wizard software, and based on the opinions of experts, re-weighting and 6 very strong scenarios were selected from 260 possible scenarios. Based on the results obtained, expanding local access by strengthening physical and digital networks in the region, creating a mechanism to use the enormous potentials of social strata in the context, interdepartmental coordination between responsible institutions in line with sustainable development, comprehensive and principled planning to follow user principles Lands and per capita compliance, etc., were selected as the most optimal and desirable possible scenarios.
<strong>Extended Abstract</strong>
<strong>Introduction</strong>
Today, cities operate not as a hierarchy but as a network. Meanwhile, technological advances and other factors have accelerated the population changes, increasing the population of cities and upsetting social and environmental balances. The smart city refers to smart solutions that allow modern cities to improve their production quantitatively and qualitatively. One of the essential development plans of worn-out textures is the idea of infill development and is considered as one of the categories of smart urban growth, which, if used correctly, will develop old and worn-out areas of cities. The idea of infill development is a subset of smart growth and sustainable urban development and has been proposed as a solution to improve the functional-spatial context of urban textures and mainly in traditional and historical textures, to fill the gaps in society and this development plays a vital role in harnessing existing urban potential. Also, endogenous development around the city is used to reduce the pressure of scattered development to lands. The present study aims to identify the most critical determinants and influential factors in the expansion of Tabriz Region 8.
<strong>Methodology</strong>
The type of research is applied and is descriptive-analytical and survey in nature. Researchers first studied the indicators of smart urban development, in which the smart city includes six dimensions (smart people, smart life, smart environment, smart mobility, smart economy, smart governance) in general. Based on experts' opinions, 34 smart city sub-indicators were selected, which were used in the analysis. Also, 19 sub-indicators (based on authors 'studies and indexing with experts' opinions) were identified concerning infill development. After determining the key factors, different possible situations were considered for each key factor. And in the form of another questionnaire and based on the logic of the wizard scenario, it was weighted by experts (the weighting of this questionnaire is measured by pairwise
comparison and the relationship between variables in the range of numbers from 3 to -3). Professors also did the validity of this questionnaire in an interview, and through the Ensemble feature in the script wizard software, the questionnaires were entered in the wizard software.
<strong>Results and discussion</strong>
In this study, researchers prepared a questionnaire to determine the weights of criteria, and 50 relevant experts in the university and the municipality of Tabriz were surveyed. Fifty-three criteria were identified in the table related to the two main factors of smart development and infill development. Then, by placing these factors in a matrix of 53 by 53, these factors' effect on each other was determined by weighting the factors (from zero to 3).
Influential variables (because they are the most significant factors) and risk variables (due to their high capacity to become key factors of the system) were used, which are 14 factors. These factors include local access, access to public transportation, entrepreneurship, social cohesion, political views and strategies, urban per capita, participation in public life, productivity, creativity, cultural facilities, flexibility, sustainable and safe transportation, sustainable resource management, and population density. After consulting with experts, some of these factors were removed from the scripting process due to the close semantic relationship and others due to the semantic load disproportionate to infill development, and finally, eight factors remained.
Based on the results obtained from the Wizard scenario analysis, eight key components were selected for scenario development for the infill development in Tabriz Region 8, emphasizing the smart city. And for each of them, three possible scenarios were considered, for which a total of 24 possible scenarios were predicted. Possible situations include a range of desirable, undesirable, and critical conditions. Accordingly, eight variables (key variables identified by experts) were used.
<strong> </strong>
<strong>Conclusion</strong>
This study aimed to develop compatible scenarios for the regional development of Tabriz. Based on this, ten general indicators (economic, security, settlements, relations, scientific development, production, natural, social, facilities, and regional conditions) were selected in the form of 53 sub-indicators in Tabriz Region 8. And 30 experts in the field of urban planning were considered research specialists, and a questionnaire in Excel was designed and sent to them. The final eight factors were considered based on the opinions of experts to develop scenarios, including local access, social cohesion and participation, political views and strategies, urban per capita, productivity, cultural facilities, sustainable resource management, population density. Finally, the most vital available scenarios, including six ones, were identified by appropriate experts to predict the system's future. Based on this, a desirable scenario, a critical scenario, and four combined neutral and critical scenarios were selected to develop Tabriz Region 8. Also, according to the System-Grid test, urban per capita (D) has the highest total factor (impact), and sustainable resource management variable (G) has the highest passive factor (impact). Also, the option of social cohesion and participation (B) obtained the lowest total sum, and the density component (H) had the lowest passive sum, according to experts. According to the obtained result, the first scenario is the best scenario imagined for region 8 in the direction of smart development. According to the obtained result, the first scenario is the best scenario imagined for region 8 in
the direction of smart development. Accordingly, the expansion of local access based on the strengthening of physical and digital networks in the region, the establishment of a mechanism to use the enormous potential of existing social groups in the texture, inter-sectoral coordination between responsible agencies for sustainable development, comprehensive and principled planning to follow the principles of land use and per capita, usage the great potential of the smart city for successful planning of the development of Tabriz, proper planning and attention to the historical and cultural texture of Tabriz Region 8, a compilation of a comprehensive plan for sustainable urban development to optimize the use of resources and in terms of land-use standards in the infill development of the region due to population density, were considered as the most optimal and desirable cases.
<strong>Funding</strong>
There is no funding support.
<strong>Authors’ Contribution </strong>
All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.
<strong>Conflict of Interest </strong>
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
<strong>Acknowledgments</strong>
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.در سالهای اخیر گسترش بیرویه فضایی شهرها در کنار بیبرنامگی طرحهای توسعه بهخصوص در شهرهای بزرگ نظیر تبریز، باعث ایجاد بافتهای نوشهری و درنتیجه جابجایی ساکنان و کاربریها به مناطق جدید شده است. درنتیجه، بافتهای تاریخی و قدیمی این شهرها، کارکرد خود را تغییر داده و به مناطق فرسوده شهری و از دست دادن حیات شهری و رکود و فرسودگی گرایش پیداکردهاند. بدین منظور ابتدا بامطالعه اسناد فرادست، تمامی عوامل دخیل در توسعه هوشمند و میان افزای بافت فرسوده شهری موردمطالعه قرار گرفت و با استفاده از روش دلفی تعداد 53 متغیر در حوضه یادشده استخراج شد. برای تحلیل دادهها از روش تحلیل اثرات متقابل/ساختاری بهوسیله نرمافزار FL Micmac استفادهشده است. همچنین جهت تدوین سناریوها از نرمافزار سناریویزارد استفاده گردید. نتایج تحقیق، بیانگر ناپایداری سیستم در کلانشهر تبریز است که بر این اساس، پنج دسته عوامل تأثیرگذار، دووجهی، تأثیرپذیر، مستقل و ریسک قابلشناسایی هستند که پس از شناسایی 14 عامل کلیدی از طریق متغیرهای ریسک و تأثیرگذار، درنتیجه 8 مؤلفه کلیدی نهایی انتخاب شدند و این عوامل وارد نرمافزار سناریویزارد شدند و بر اساس نظرات کارشناسان دوباره وزن دهی و 6 سناریوی بسیار قوی از 260 سناریوی محتمل انتخاب شد که سناریوی اول بهصورت مطلوب، 4 سناریو خنثی و یک سناریوی بحرانی مطرح شدند. بر اساس نتایج بهدستآمده، گسترش دسترسی محلی از تقویت شبکههای فیزیکی و دیجیتالی در منطقه، ایجاد سازوکار جهت استفاده از پتانسیلهای عظیم موجود اقشار اجتماعی در بافت، هماهنگی بین بخشی بین دستگاههای مسئول در راستای توسعه پایدار، برنامهریزی جامع و اصولی جهت پیروی از اصول کاربری اراضی و رعایت سرانهها و ... بهعنوان بهینهترین و مطلوبترین سناریوی ممکن انتخاب شد.https://www.jscity.ir/article_164505_8caddf7fecaea8d1e156d484a468b717.pdfانجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایرانمجله شهر پایدار2476-66315320221023Analysis of the Effective Factors on the Environmental Citizenship Behaviour of Ardabil Residentsتحلیل عوامل موثر بر رفتار شهروندی زیستمحیطی مطالعه موردی: ساکنان شهر اردبیل14516016450610.22034/jsc.2021.255710.1345FAبهرام ایمانیگروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایرانسلمان فیضیگروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.محمد یاپنگ غراویگروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران0000-0002-4010-8342Journal Article20220707<strong>A B S T R A C T </strong>
The development of urbanization and the excessive increase in migration to the urban areas of Iran have made the severity of environmental issues more severe and acute. On the other hand, the growth and expansion of cities have added to the country's problems and have turned them into a focus of environmental issues. In the meantime, the low level of ecological citizenship behaviours among citizens has influenced the aggravation of environmental issues. Therefore, investigating the influencing factors on the ecological citizenship behaviour of residents can help to make better and more effective decisions to reduce the environmental problems of big cities. Based on this point of view, the present research was also conducted to investigate and analyze the effect of place attachment, trust and mobility on the environmental citizenship behaviour of residents in Ardabil City. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Questionnaires on place attachment, trust, mobility and environmental citizenship behaviour were used to collect information. The statistical population of this research is all the residents of Ardabil city, and the necessary sample size is 384 residents who were selected by the available sampling method using Cochran's formula. Also, the validity and reliability of the research model and data analysis were done with the structural equation modelling method in LISREL software. According to the positive coefficients obtained from the structural model of the research as well as the T value for the research relationships based on the data of this model, which were more than 1.96, the variables of trust (B=0.42 and T=68.5), mobility (B=0.0 17 and T=47.2) and attachment (B=0.21 and T=99.2) have a positive and significant effect on environmental citizenship behaviours. Increasing trust, mobility and attachment of residents increase their participation in ecological citizenship behaviours and helps to better implement environmental programs
<strong>Extended Abstract</strong>
<strong>Introduction</strong>
The low level of environmental citizenship behaviors among citizens has exacerbated the environmental challenges of cities. Recent research shows that residents of some Iranian cities do not actively participate in environmentally friendly behaviours. Ardabil city faces special environmental problems and low participation of residents in environmentally friendly behaviours. High-rate urban development has created special environmental consequences for cities such as Ardabil, forcing city managers to adopt appropriate environmental policies to reduce the negative effects of population growth. On the other hand, due to the fact that environmental challenges are increasing day by day, environmental protection requires appropriate environmental behaviour. Iranian cities also face several challenges, which necessitate a review of urban management policy and attention to the management of residents' environmental behaviours, especially, in a city such as Ardabil, which has experienced a short period of extensive urban development. Accordingly, examining the factors affecting the environmental citizenship behaviour of the residents of this city can help planners and policymakers to make better and more effective decisions. Based on this view, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of place attachment, trust, and mobility on environmental citizenship behaviour of Ardabil residents.
<strong>Methodology</strong>
The present study is part of applied and descriptive-analytical researches in terms of purpose and method, respectively. Also, a questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of this study was all residents of Ardabil in 2020. Questionnaires of place attachment, trust, mobility, and environmental citizenship behaviour were used to measure the research variables. Indices of research questionnaires were obtained from related studies and research backgrounds and then localized based on research conditions and the city under study. Also, the validity and reliability of the research model and data analysis were performed by structural equation modeling in LISREL software.
<strong>Results and discussion</strong>
The fit model showed that the value of the path coefficient between trust and citizenship behaviour is equal to 0.42. Since the value of t obtained for this coefficient is equal to 5.68, due to being higher than 1.96, it shows that the obtained coefficient is significant at the 95 level of confidence. Therefore, the relationship is confirmed and it can be said that trust has a positive and significant effect on environmental citizenship behaviour in the study area. Also, considering that the value of the path coefficient between mobility and citizenship behaviour is equal to 0.17. Since the value of t obtained for this coefficient is equal to 2.47, due to being higher than 1.96, it shows that the obtained coefficient is significant at the 95 level of confidence. Therefore, the relationship is confirmed and it can be said that mobility has a positive and significant effect on environmental citizenship behaviour in the study area. And considering that the value of the path coefficient between place attachment and environmental citizenship behaviour is equal to 0.21. Since the value of t obtained for this coefficient is equal to 2.99, due to being higher than 1.96, it shows that the obtained coefficient is significant at the 95 level of confidence. Therefore, the relationship is confirmed and it can be said that place attachment has a positive and significant effect on environmental citizenship behaviour in the study area.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>
Findings showed that citizens who have more confidence in the decisions and plans of city officials on environmental issues, exhibit more environmental citizenship behaviour. Consistent with this finding, it can be claimed that city managers can increase the citizens' awareness of the importance and place of the environment in urban programs and policies, while increasing their trust, encouraging them to environmental citizenship behaviours. The findings also showed that the mobility of Ardabil residents, while helping to evaluate the results of environmental policies of local organizations, provides them with more empirical knowledge and information resources. And citizens with high mobility through their visits to different cities, while gaining more knowledge of how the environmental policies of local organizations are positively affected, show a greater desire to engage in urban environmental behaviours. In fact, the change in lifestyle as well as the increase in the possibility of movement and mobility among citizens, has caused the level of their evaluation of the environmental policies of their place of residence to increase in proportion to the places visited. Accordingly, increased competition among cities for environmental approaches and policies will be expected. Also, the research findings showed that in Ardabil, with the increase of citizens 'level of attachment, the citizens' environmental citizenship behaviours increase. Based on this, it can be said that in cities whose residents have a higher rate of place attachment, more environmental citizenship behaviours are performed, and strengthening the place attachment of citizens leads to individual and collective behaviours that are environmentally friendly. Accordingly, policies and programs that increase residents 'attachment to their place of residence will reciprocally increase residents' participation in environmentally friendly behaviours.
<strong> </strong>
<strong>Funding</strong>
There is no funding support.
<strong>Authors’ Contribution </strong>
All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.
<strong>Conflict of Interest </strong>
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
<strong>Acknowledgments</strong>
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.توسعه شهرنشینی و افزایش بیرویه مهاجرت به مناطق شهری ایران شدت مسائل زیستمحیطی را حادتر و جدیتر ساخته است. از طرف دیگر رشد و گسترش شهرها نیز بر معضلات کشور افزوده و آنها را به کانونی از مسائل زیستمحیطی مبدل ساخته است. در این میان سطح پایین رفتارهای شهروندی زیستمحیطی در میان شهروندان بر تشدید مسائل زیستمحیطی تأثیرگذار بوده است. بنابراین بررسی عوامل تأثیرگذار بر رفتار شهروندی زیستمحیطی ساکنان میتواند به اتخاذ تصمیمات بهتر و مؤثرتر جهت کاهش مشکلات زیستمحیطی کلانشهرها کمک نماید. مبتنی بر این دیدگاه، تحقیق حاضر نیز با هدف بررسی و تحلیل تأثیر دلبستگی مکانی، اعتماد و تحرک بر رفتار شهروندی زیستمحیطی ساکنان در شهر اردبیل انجامشده است. مطالعه حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر روش توصیفی- تحلیلی است. برای جمعآوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامههای دلبستگی مکانی، اعتماد، تحرک و رفتار شهروندی زیستمحیطی استفادهشده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش کلیه ساکنان شهر اردبیل بوده و حجم نمونه لازم با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 384 نفر از ساکنان که با روش نمونهگیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. همچنین روایی، پایایی مدل تحقیق و تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها با روش مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری در نرمافزار LISREL انجام شد. مطابق ضرایب مثبت بهدستآمده از مدل ساختاری پژوهش و نیز مقدار T برای روابط تحقیق بر اساس دادههای این مدل که بیشتر از 96/1 بودهاند، متغیرهای اعتماد (B=0/42 و T=5/68)، تحرک (B=0/17 و T=2/47) و دلبستگی (B=0/21 و T=2/99) تأثیر مثبت و معنیداری بر رفتارهای شهروندی زیستمحیطی دارند. افزایش اعتماد، تحرک و دلبستگی ساکنان، مشارکت آنان در رفتارهای شهروندی زیستمحیطی را بیشتر نموده و به پیادهسازی بهتر برنامههای زیستمحیطی کمک میکند.https://www.jscity.ir/article_164506_56948f66c4aff35176d8cbd5e6c5bfa2.pdfانجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ایرانمجله شهر پایدار2476-66315320221023Factors Affecting Value Creation in Historical Areas with Emphasis on Urban Regeneration (Case Study: Historical area of District 11 of Tehran)عوامل موثر بر خلق ارزش جهت تعیین نقش و عملکردهای محرک توسعه در بافتهای تاریخی با تأکید بر بازآفرینی شهری موردمطالعه: محدوده تاریخی منطقه 11 شهر تهران16117516450110.22034/jsc.2021.222890.1213FAراما قلمبر دزفولیگروه شهرسای، واحد پردیس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پردیس، ایران0000-0003-0809-9087سپیده لاینیگروه شهرسازی، واحدالکترونیک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایرانJournal Article20220707A B S T R A C T<br />Many theories and approaches to preserving this precious heritage have been elaborated and introduced since the attention of urban planners and managers has shifted toward preserving and restoring historical areas. The most important of these approaches used today in many parts of the world is urban recreation. In addition to the historical boundaries of the city, besides physical restoration, it requires programs and strategies that lead to economic prosperity in weak and inactive areas. Therefore, in this study, after introducing urban regeneration approaches such as culture based Regeneration, tourism-based Regeneration and urban branding-based Regeneration, the components of creating value added strategies based on these approaches were introduced. The results obtained by using descriptive and inferential statistics indicate the physical and functional potentials for creating value in the study area. Also, the results of SEM on the value creation indexes in the historical area of Region 11 show a strong and significant impact of functional and physical dimensions as effective tools for creating value added in the context. In functional dimension metrics, factor loadings are indicators of the concentration and reinforcement of the role of political centrality, and in the physical dimension of factor loadings, the creation of branding through historical landmarks for future policy making is significant<br /><strong>Extended Abstract</strong><br /><strong>Introduction</strong><br />One of the most important influential factors in the historical context to which the life of the context can be considered depends on economics. Historical texture requires a healthy economy in line with the type of life and its harmony with the contemporary era to survive; in a way that can meet the needs of human beings. On the other hand, in the relatively recent urban planning literature, the term urban regeneration is used as a general term that includes other concepts such as improvement, renovation, reconstruction, empowerment, and psychology. Urban regeneration is a process that leads to the creation of new urban space while maintaining the main spatial features (physical and functional). In this regard, District 11 of Tehran has unique physical and functional importance compared to other areas of Tehran due to its particular political, economic, religious position, and centrality features. Despite numerous valuable places, half of the area has a dysfunctional texture and suffers from urban decline. Therefore, the research's central question can be posed: What are the contexts in the study area to create spatial value to stimulate development along with valuable and historical texture and lead to sustainable urban regeneration? For this purpose, this study was formed with the aim of "creating value in historical contexts to improve the quality of the environment and the living standards of citizens in such contexts.” Also, in response to the question of what strategies are effective in creating added value in the historical context, this study tries to identify spatial potentials through a theoretical model and achieve a set of strategies unique to the historical texture of District 11 to reproduce value.<br /> <br /><strong>Methodology</strong><br />This research is part of applied and quantitative researches in terms of purpose and data analysis, respectively. To gather information for the present study, identify potentials in the region that can be converted into value and act as a catalyst, two methods of library studies, the use of<br /> <br />statistics and information, and a questionnaire were used. The statistical population in this study includes all effective actors (special-interest and advocacy groups) in determining the hidden values in the historical texture of the region, including residents, businesses, and city managers. In this study, 200 samples were considered according to the type of analysis. Based on the theoretical foundations of the research, five economic, social, cultural, physical, and functional dimensions and measures of each were considered to explain the study's conceptual model. The structural equation method has been used for the inferential analysis of the research.<br /> <br /><strong>Results and discussion</strong><br />Descriptive findings of the study show that out of a total of 200 completed questionnaires, 105 (52.5%) were completed by men, and 95 (47.5%) were completed by women. The presence of 43% of the statistical sample in district 11 was residences, 25% was business, 21% was the factor of both living and work, and the remaining 11% were the items such as shopping and tourism. This study analyzed the understanding of the existing potentials for the orientation of reconstruction projects in the study area in five economic, social, physical, cultural, and social dimensions. Each of these dimensions will have its own special and unique effects, and their degree of importance and role will vary according to the program's goals.<br />Based on the findings of structural equation analysis in this study, all dimensions have a high factor load and show a significant impact of all dimensions of regeneration on value creation in the study area. But among the dimensions, the regression coefficient of functional, physical, and social dimensions is 0.94, 0.924, and 0.926, respectively, which is higher than cultural and economic dimensions. This means that the role, function, and type of land use, environmental qualities, and urban spaces created along with local social capital will effectively create value in regeneration projects. On the other hand, the study of the coefficients obtained for the measures of each dimension shows that attention to the political-administrative centrality with a coefficient of 0.84, in the functional dimension, as well as the existence of attractive routes due to historical places and buildings as a sign with 0.875, in the physical dimension, had the highest regression coefficients.<br /> <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong><br />The results of structural equation analysis on added value creation indicators in the historical context of district 11 show a significant and robust effect of functional and physical dimensions as effective tools in creating added value in the context. In terms of functional dimension, the factor load of the index of concentration and strengthening the role of the political centrality of the capital in the area and in the physical dimension, the factor load of creating attractive tourist routes due to historical sites, are significant for future urban policies. Therefore, one of the central policies resulting from this research can be the focus of city managers on the relocation of political centers instead of their scattered surface in Tehran. This policy can be a stimulus for proper development of the mentioned texture by appropriate location next to historical places. In addition, in many cities, the establishment of these political centers with luxurious architecture and historical sites has created an excellent synergy in creating high-quality and well-visited alleys.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Funding</strong><br />There is no funding support.<br /> <br /><strong>Authors’ Contribution </strong><br />All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.<br /> <br /><strong>Conflict of Interest </strong><br />Authors declared no conflict of interest.<br /> <br /><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br />We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.از زمانی که توجه متخصصان و مدیران شهری به سمت حفظ و احیای بافتهای مرکزی و تاریخی شهرها منعطف گردیده، نظریات و رویکردهای متعددی در این راستا، تبیین شده است. از مهمترین این رویکردها که امروزه در اقصی نقاط جهان مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد، بازآفرینی شهری است. در مورد بازآفرینی شهری و نحوه تحقق آن نیز پژوهشهای متعددی صورت گرفته است، اما به نظر میرسد یکی از مهمترین مسائل در رابطه با احیای بافتهای تاریخی این است که شاید تنها قدمت یک بافت بهعنوان محرک توسعه برای بازآفرینی کافی نبوده و خلق ارزش جهت ایجاد نقشهای مکمل برای این بافتها از طریق سایر پتانسیلهای موجود و مزیتهای مکانی محدوده باید مدنظر قرار گیرد. لذا این پژوهش، به دنبال پاسخ این سؤال است که، در کنار تاریخی بودن محدوده موردمطالعه (منطقه 11 شهرداری تهران) برای نقش دهی مکانی چه ارزشهای نهفتهای در بافت وجود دارد. بدین منظور این تحقیق پس از معرفی رویکردهای بازآفرینی، سعی در تلفیق اصول بازآفرینی با مؤلفههای خلق ارزش در بافت شهری در قالب چارچوب نظری تحقیق داشته و سپس توسط پرسشنامههای تکمیلی از ساکنان و متصرفان فضا، نسبت به ارزیابی مدل نظری خلق ارزش در سطح محدوده بافت تاریخی منطقه 11 اقدام شده است. نتایج بهدستآمده با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی، حاکی از وجود پتانسیلهای کالبدی و عملکردی در راستای خلق ارزش در محدوده موردمطالعه است. همچنین، نتایج تحلیل معادلات ساختاری در مورد شاخصهای خلق ارزشافزوده در بافت تاریخی منطقه 11 نشاندهنده تأثیر قوی و معنادار ابعاد عملکردی و کالبدی بهعنوان ابزارهای تأثیرگذار در ایجاد ارزشافزوده در بافت میباشد. در سنجههای بعد عملکردی بار عاملی شاخص تمرکز و تقویت نقش مرکزیت سیاسی پایتخت در محدوده و در بعد کالبدی بار عاملی ایجاد مسیرهای گردشگری جذاب به علت وجود اماکن تاریخی، جهت سیاستگذاریهای شهری آتی قابلتوجه است.https://www.jscity.ir/article_164501_fa9f2961d20ec52cc552b5259032c855.pdf