ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation and Analysis of Urban Vitality Criteria Preferences
Case Study: Valiasr St., Tehran
Extended Abstract Introduction These days, Urban streets are facing with many challenges and issues that have diverted them from their social functions and made them a mere place to pass. Attention to the concept of urban vitality and its related components, is one of the solutions that can help urban streets to overcome the existing challenges. Vitality is the quality of life; But in a way that is perceived and experienced by people in space. According to this key definition, one way to engage citizens to create lively public spaces is evaluation of their perceptions and preferences that are effective criteria on the urban vitality, which has been considered in the present research by studying three scenes from Valiasr Street in Tehran. Valiasr Street, as the longest street in Tehran, connects the north and south of the geography, as well as the north and south floors of the city. For this reason, it has multiple identities that make it suitable for such studies. Methodology In this study, the combined research method was used based on the "sequential explanation" scheme, and three groups of citizens related to Valiasr Street, including "passing users", "informed citizens" and "shopkeepers" were selected for sampling. The sample size of the first to third groups was determined to be 180 people (60 people from each sequence), 15 people and 10 people, and the sampling was implemented based on "available random" and "targeted" methods. Also, data collection was performed by using of a questionnaire, field observation and semi-structured interview forms. Questions of the questionnaire form were obtained based on the criteria collected from the theoretical literature of vitality in the form of seven key components and 65 questions. The main components included learning, socialization, comfort, security, usability, accessibility, and sense of place. A number of open-ended questions were also asked of the respondents in each of the seven components as qualitative complementary questions, in line with the questionnaire ones. The main theme of all the questions was to evaluate the preferences of the citizens regarding each of the factors affecting the vitality of Valiasr Street. Results and discussion As results indicated, in the view point of Valiasr Street users, the most important variables affecting the vitality of it, are often non-physical ones that the presence of women in the street space, the possibility of walking, the priority of pedestrian, diversity in clothing and behavior and finally existence of security have more considerable than other criteria. Then, for each of the seven components of vitality, a conceptual pattern was identified. These conceptual patterns mean that users of Valiasr Street prefer certain elements of vitality to improve the quality of space on this street, which is consistent with the lifestyle, norms, culture and social structure of Tehran and thus they determine how citizens use the public spaces of it. These characteristics include: youthfulness, individualism, support for women's presence, support for "homogeneous" spaces (socially homogeneous) but "diverse" (in terms of type of activity), lack of connection with strangers, lack of Tolerance of different social groups such as minorities, the importance of mixed business land uses, great attention to social and psychological security, the importance of accessibility of pedestrian, attention to the pleasure of space and nostalgia and finally connection with the past. Another part of the findings of the study showed that the spatial differences between the northern and southern parts of Valiasr Street can be explained in relation to the socio-economic base of different classes. In fact, the spatial differences resulting from the social and economic base of different classes of people affect their preferences from the criteria of the vitality of Valiasr Street. Conclusions The result of the research was that vitality is the outcome of a complex interaction between economic, social, cultural, environmental, sensory and psychological factors and structures. Therefore, reducing the level of vitality to merely physical and environmental design factors, as is common in many domestic studies, not only counteracts planning to improve the quality of public spaces, but also promotes the same kind of planning, regardless of sociological characteristics., norms and patterns of behavior of different urban communities. Finally, considering all the findings and consequences of the study, it can be acknowledged that the process of planning for public spaces with a vitality approach, in a multi-class city such as Tehran, will only achieve the desired result if it considers two basic conditions: The first is to pay attention to the macro-social, political and cultural structures, and the second is to regard to the interests and preferences of all stakeholders and actors in public spaces.
https://www.jscity.ir/article_107756_280e297e7055f0d04ec4252ebaef3b80.pdf
2020-03-20
1
18
10.22034/jsc.2020.225505.1223
urban vitality
Preferences Analysis
public spaces
Valiasr St
Tehran City
Farrokh
Tahmasebi
tahmasebifarrokh@gmail.com
1
PhD student in Geography and Urban Planning, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Hosain
Nazmfar
nazmfar@uma.ac.ir
2
Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abolfazl
Ghanbari
a_ghanbari@tabrizu.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Hassan
Rezaeinia
h.rezaeinia@ut.ac.ir
4
PhD in Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analysis of Social Resilience based on Social Capital Indicators in Tehran
Extended Abstract Introduction Cities and residential communities have been created or built in places that are exposed to all kinds of natural disasters or due to advances in technology. So far, a confrontational and risk reduction approach has been taken in disaster and urban management. According to that the metropolis of Tehran is the most important city in Iran in terms of politics and administration and in view point of population density has a high one, so paying attention to its resilience against all kinds of crises is doubly important. The high population density of the city, the location of some of its areas on the fault, the instability in terms of geology, the worn-out texture, air pollution, the lack of a plan and operational capability for disaster and crisis management, etc. are among the most important damages can be seen in Tehran. The purpose of this study is to analyze social resilience in three regions such as 1th, 6th and 19th ones of Tehran. The reasons for choosing these areas, in addition to the above-mentioned geographical distribution and spatial coverage, also include topographic and class differences (socio-economic), to some extent climatic differences, physical differences and the existence of dangerous areas such as proximity and crossing faults such as Mosha, North Tehran, Rey ones. Methodology The present study is descriptive-analytical and applied research. The method of data collection was documentary and survey. The statistical population was citizens of 1th, 6th and 19th districts of Tehran. Also, the sample size was estimated to be 230 by using of the Cochran's formula. The Sampling method was random. Credibility of the questionnaire was performed through content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire and its value was 0.854, which shows that the internal correlation between the items was high and the reliability of the questionnaire was desirable. The reliability of each variable was also calculated separately, all above 0.7. The information was obtained via a questionnaire and through SPSS software, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Pearson correlation, one-way analysis of variance and follow-up tests were used to achieve the objectives of this research. Results and discussion The results of factor analysis and the VARIMAX rotation showed that eight factors for social resilience from the perspective of social capital including shared values and beliefs, sense of spatial belonging, awareness, participation, social-institutional networks crisis management, intimacy and accountability, social trust and institutional trust building were identified. Social capital had a positive and significant effect on resilience, empowerment and innovative performance. Geographical communities, with high levels of social capital, collective effectiveness, and access to socio-economic resources, also performed significantly better after a crisis. The impact of sense of spatial belonging on increasing social capital can be achieved through variables such as participation, in other words, in an indirect causal relationship, strengthening the sense of spatial belonging increased participation and social capital. Lack of individuals’ participation in issues such as education, shortage of information and awareness of relevant organizations in relation to education or in other words, creation skills, awareness and citizens’ empowerment in the face of crises reduced social resilience. Conclusions According to the results of correlation analysis in region 1th, the highest correlation was related to the variables of social relations and beliefs and the lowest correlation was related to the variables of awareness and social relations. The use of cultural sites as a strong point is aimed at raising citizens' awareness, which the research did not support. In fact, other factors besides cultural spaces such as empowerment and skills of citizens, their awareness of the performance of officials and the preparation and implementation of projects can be effective on the resilience of 1th region and as the findings showed, this was not the case for it. In 6th region, there was no significant relationship between some variables, and among them, the highest level of meaningful relationship was related to the public and institutional trust and sense of spatial belonging variables and the least correlation between variables was related to awareness and beliefs. However, based on one-way analysis of variance, this region had the most favorable status among other study areas. In 19th district of Tehran, there was no complete significant relationship between any of the variables, and among them, the highest level of meaningful relationship was related to the public trust variable which had a significant relationship with social relations, sense of spatial belonging, awareness and beliefs variables. An examination of the correlation between the variables showed that the highest correlation was related to awareness of social relations and public and institutional trust. Compared to the other two regions, this region indicated a weaker situation in relation to social resilience and more exposed to various harms. In general, based on the results, it can be noted that the use of local social networks and transparency of city officials in relation to crisis management and informing citizens about various issues and public spaces for in times of crisis and strengthening the sense of spatial belonging cause social resilience in different areas of Tehran.
https://www.jscity.ir/article_107414_f5713bae00eda3265d0b106d3f1bc31b.pdf
2020-05-19
19
39
10.22034/jsc.2020.218514.1192
Urban Resilience
Social Resilience
Social Capital
Tehran
Ali
Hosseini
a.hosseini@ut.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hajar
Yadala Nia
2
M.A of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mansourh
Mohammadi
3
M.A of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Shekari
4
M.A student in Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1) پرتوی، پروین؛ بهزادفر، مصطفی؛ شیرانی، زهرا (1395) طراحی شهری و تابآوری اجتماعی، بررسی موردی: محله جلفا اصفهان، دو فصلنامه معماری و شهرسازی، دوره9، شماره 17، صص.117-99.
1
2) پیران، پرویز؛ اسدی، سعیده؛ دادگر، نیکو (1396) بررسی نقش تابآوری اجتماعی در موفقیت فرآیند بازسازی (مطالعه موردی: جوامع روستایی درب آستانه و باباپشمان پس از زلزله سال 1385 دشت سیلاخور، استان لرستان)، مسکن و محیط روستا، دوره36، شماره 157، صص.100-87.
2
3) جعفریان، نغمه؛ حاتمینژاد، حسین؛ مبهوت، محمدرضا (1396) ارزیابی تابآوری اجتماعی و اقتصادی در برابر زلزله، مطالعه موردی: بجنورد، فصلنامه امداد و نجات، سال 9، شماره 1، صص.25-15.
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4) حاتمینژاد، حسین؛ فرهادیخواه، حسین؛ آروین، محمود؛ رحیمپور، نگار (1396) بررسی ابعاد مؤثر بر تابآوری شهری با استفاده از مدل ساختاری تفسیری (نمونه موردی: شهر اهواز)، فصلنامه دانش پیشگیری و مدیریت بحران، دوره 7، شماره 1، صص.45-36.
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5) دلاکه، حسن؛ ثمره محسن بیگی، حسین؛ شاهیوندی، احمد (1396) سنجش میزان تابآوری اجتماعی در مناطق شهری اصفهان، جامعهشناسی نهادهای اجتماعی، دوره 3، شماره 9، صص. 252-227.
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6) رضایی، محمدرضا و کاویانپور، گلشن (1395) ارزیابی میزان تابآوری اجتماعی و کالبدی- محیطی محلات شهری در مواجهه با سوانح طبیعی (زلزله) مطالعه موردی: کلانشهر مشهد، سومین کنفرانس جامع مدیریت بحران و HSE با رویکرد کاهش ریسک سانحه، تابآوری و توسعه پایدار، تهران.
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12) روستا، مجتبی؛ ابراهیمزاده، عیسی؛ ایستگلدی، مصطفی (1397) ارزیابی میزان تابآوری اجتماعی شهری (مورد شناسی: شهر زاهدان)، نشریه پژوهش و برنامهریزی شهری، سال 9، شماره 32، صص. 14-1.
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13) رهنما، محمدرحیم و رضوی، محمد محسن (1391) بررسی تأثیر حس تعلق مکانی بر سرمایه اجتماعی و مشارکت در محالت شهر مشهد، نشریه هنرهای زیبا - معماری و شهرسازی، دوره 17، شماره 2، صص.36-29.
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14) ساسانپور، فرزانه؛ آهنگری، نوید؛ حاجینژاد، صادق (1396) ارزیابی تابآوری منطقه 12 کلانشهر تهران در برابر مخاطرات طبیعی، نشریه تحلیل مخاطرات محیطی، سال 4، شماره 3، صص.98-85.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Recognizing the components of street vitality as promoting the quality of social life in small urban spaces Case study: Chamran Street, Shiraz
Extended Abstract Introduction Vitality is one of the main components of providing the desired quality of urban space. Lively urban environments are the basis for the creation and increasing the social capital. Since it has seen a decline of vitality in public areas, and consequently reduce the voluntary presence of people in urban areas; it seems necessary to focus on building livelier urban environments. The purpose of this study is to recognition the components affecting vitality and confirmation of components in Shahid Chamran Street in Shiraz. Methodology In general, the present research is descriptive-explanatory, practical and quantitative in terms of purpose, application of results methodology, respectively. The correlational research method is regression analysis as well as factor analysis. In this research, first by studying the theoretical foundations and background of research, the affective dimensions and components in the vitality of urban streets were identified and explained in the form of a comprehensive model. Then, the model was evaluated by using of a questionnaire and AMOS software in Shahid Chamran Street of Shiraz. Results and discussion Based on the present study’s results, it can be stated that the recognized components of urban vitality include a functional physical component with performance, safety, collective monitoring, accessibility, physical readability and climate comfort variables; an aesthetic component with diversity, lighting, permeability, readability and visual attractiveness variables; environmental components with environmental shading, vegetation, and pollution-free variables and sociocultural component with social and psychological, prominent and unique identity, cultural values and social interactions ones. The results of the study of the recognized components in Shahid Chamran Street of Shiraz showed that there is a significant relationship between the research components and their variables as well as a significant relationship between the research components. According to the results presented in the first category, the relationship between performance, safety, collective monitoring, accessibility, physical readiness and climate comfort variables with the physical-functional component has been investigated. Considering that the significance level is less than 0/01 it can be stated that there is a significant relationship between these variables at 0/01 level. It can also be expressed that 0/552% of the performance variable variance, 0/558% of the safety variable variance, 0/538% of the collective monitoring variable variance, 0/375% of the accessibility variable variance, 0/482% of the physical readability variable variance and 0/379% of the climate comfort variance is explained by the functional physical component. In the second category, the relationship between the diversity, lighting, permeability and readability and visual attractiveness variables with the aesthetic component has been examined. Considering that the significance level is less than 0/01 it can be declared that there is a significant relationship between these variables at 0/01 level. It can also be explained that 0/380% of the diversity variance, 0/529% of the lightening variance, 0/341% of the permeability variance, and 0/88% of the readability and visual attractiveness variance are interpreted by aesthetic component. In the third category, the relationship between environmental shading, vegetation and pollution-free variables with environmental component has been investigated. Considering that the significance level is less than 0/01 it can be stated that there is a significant relationship between these variables at 0.01 level. It can also be exposed that 0/685% of the environmental shading variance, 0/355% of the vegetation variance and 0/723% of the pollution-free variance are explained by environmental component. Finally, in the fourth category, the relationship between social and psychological well-being, prominent and unique identities, cultural values, and social interactions variables with sociocultural component has been examined. Considering that the significance level is less than 0/01 it can be explained that there is a significant relationship between these variables at 0/01 level. It can also be descripted that 0/430% of the social and psychological well-being variance, 0/484% of the prominent and unique identity variance, 0/675% of the cultural values variance, and 0/417% of the social interactions variance are explained by the sociocultural component. The results also show that the highest standard weight relates to the relationship between aesthetic and functional physical components, which indicates a high correlation between these two components. Overall, it can be said that the model fits well for Chamran Street in Shiraz. Conclusions Generally, it can be stated that the model presented in this study can be used to vitalized of urban streets by city managers, designers, and planners. In addition, according to the results of this study, it can be said that one of the effective factors for successful implementation of vitality is the integrated attention to the elements of vitality (place, people, plan) with emphasis on the presence of people. Because people are recognized as the core of vitality, in this regard places by developing and balancing the plans, not only increase the people attending but also stimulate their initiatives and subsequently promote vitality. Also, to ensure the correct use of the results by public and private organizations and decision-makers, researchers must seek to establish communication channels that link scientific findings to policy goals.
https://www.jscity.ir/article_105871_1122c4e468a6222ce960bf3547b3c8d6.pdf
2020-05-19
41
54
10.22034/jsc.2020.186810.1016
Vitality
Quality of Life
small urban spaces
Shiraz
Shahid Chamran Street
Amer
Nikpour
nikpour1551@gmail.com
1
Associate Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mansoureh
Yarahmadi
mansooreh.yarahmadiii@gmail.com
2
M.A of Geography and Urban Planning, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran
AUTHOR
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Right to the City in Spontaneous Settlements
Case Study: Sanandaj, Urban Separated Area of Naysar
Extended Abstract Introduction The right to the city can be considered as one of the human approaches to urban studies that it seeks to rebuild the city as a space designed by all citizens and serving all of them. Fortunately, the right to the city has been able to keep up the path of progress. The right to the city once proposed in the context of the French Revolution and in opposition to the capitalist system; these days it is used as an approach by power and capitalism. In other words, the right to the city has been recognized as an approach of people governance to space and the role of city-based residents in producing and reproducing the present and future space of cities. If spontaneous settlements are consider as marginalizing a part of the city, so the right to the city can have a special look at the issue of spontaneous settlements. This study seeks to investigate the right to the city condition of the Naysar settlement in order to assess the differences of right to the city among variant groups of this part of Sanandaj city. Methodology The present study is an applied one that has been done by the descriptive-analytical method. Documentary and field methods were used to collect the required information. By reviewing the theoretical literature and the research background, dimensions and indicators of research were extracted in six ones including political and civil, managerial, economic, cultural, service and health. Then, the validity of the indicators was confirmed by using of expert’s opinions. Finally, a questionnaire was prepared in the form of Likert spectrum by indexing the indicators. The statistical population of the study consists of Naysar’s where 36431 people live according to the last census of 2016. Based on the Cochran formula (sample size) 381 pre-test questionnaires were distributed among the residents of the study area by a simple random method. Then, One-sample t-test was used for statistical analysis and status analysis of the studied dimensions and One-way analysis of variance was used to examine the relationships between the descriptive factors on the main variable of research (Right to the city). Results and discussion According to the results of one-way analysis of variance, the right-to-city situation seems more favorable to men than women, and the city is not evenly distributed to marginalized gender groups. The study of income shows that the highest and lowest amount of right to the city belongs to the income groups who have above 6 million Tomans and below 2 million Tomans, respectively. In the survey of right to the city status among the occupational groups, those who employed in the formal sector have a higher average of right to the city. Also, the least amount of right to the city belongs to groups who are searching for a job. In addition, the least amount of right to the city among the age groups belong to above 60 and under 25 and two age groups of 25 to 40 and 40 to 60 years have the highest rate of it. It is worth noting that the guidance school and the academic groups have the highest and lowest amount of right to the city, respectively. Conclusions The urban management system may not provide a wide range of different rights to the residents of Naysar, However, it gives the rents or ransoms to its residents that without any doubt include people with better financial status in the area. For example, the wealthy individuals of Naysar have built several illegal and unoccupied housing units; they have been transformed agricultural land uses into housing land illegally; also, they have divided their lands without permission; they are using electricity and water concessions illegally and freely for residential and even non-residential units and in addition, they pay minimal tolls and taxes for various properties. As a result, Naysar only shows lower percentages of right to the city indicators for people who want to live as a citizen. Otherwise, it is a good environment for a group of people with informal citizenship and they receive different unlawful privileges from urban management in various ways.
https://www.jscity.ir/article_105872_085fd8d6a9f3f9d7883a2185e2be0921.pdf
2020-05-19
55
69
10.22034/jsc.2020.190550.1045
Right to the city
Citizenship
spontaneous settlements
Nysar Spontaneous Area
Amir
Sharifi
amir.sharifi2005@gmail.com
1
PhD student in Geography and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Lotfali
Kozegar Kaleji
kozegarkaleji@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
zohreh
fanni
zohrehfanni@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
kaumars
Irandoost
k.irandost@uok.ac.ir
4
Associate Professor of Urban Planning, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation barriers infill development approach (case study: Ahvaz City)
Extended Abstract
Introduction
In recent years, Ahvaz has experienced an inharmonic and wide growth that has led to the formation of worn-out textures, informal settlements and many wastelands around the city that also affect the surrounding textures and promote social issues. Also, due to the increasing of population, the migration process to the city and the lack of proper services and infrastructure, the use of these lands can provide the needs of the citizens. By using these lands instead of the suburbs (such as the Ekbatan neighborhood) the unnecessary growth of the city can be prevented. Utilization of urban infrastructure, reducing the encroachment of suburban agricultural land, preventing growth of the city in order to reduce the vulnerability against flooding due to increased impermeable surfaces, reducing built-up areas due to the effect of increasing temperatures, preventing distances between downtown and suburban neighborhood of the city indicate the necessity of using the infill development approach in Ahvaz. As mentioned above, this approach has a complex structure due to the involvement of different departments and institutions. Without identifying and analyzing the barriers of using infill development, this approach would not be possible in Ahvaz; therefore, the main purpose of this research is investigation the barriers of using infill development in Ahvaz. In this regard, the research questions are presented as follows:
- What are the most important barriers to adopt an infill development approach?
-What is the most important barriers to use the infill development approach in Ahvaz?
Methodology
The main purpose of this research is to analyze the barriers of using infill development in Ahvaz. The statistical population of the research is Ahvaz municipality managers and experts that 40 samples were selected by using of purposeful sampling. The second-order confirmation factor analysis is used to analyze the data in Amos software. In this research, economic, social, administrative-legal dimensions were used with 21 indicators.
Results and discussion
In this research, four social, economic, administrative-legal and physical dimensions were used as first-level latent variables and infill development as second-order latent variables. Social variable with 6, economic variable with 8, legal and administrative with 5 and physical variable with 2 observable indicators were used in the model. The magnitude of the regression effect is between 0 and 1 and the closer it is to the 1, the greater the concept of impact. According to the results, the administrative-legal variable with a factor of 1, the economic variable with a factor of 0/94, a social variable with a factor of 0/66, a physical variable with a factor of 0/55 have obtained the most to the least effect, respectively. In the social variable, the non-participation index with the factor of 0/62 has the highest coefficient, followed by the indexes of contrasting municipal and citizen benefits, lack of awareness of land and texture development advantages, the conflict of municipal benefits with other organs, contrasting citizens' interests and conflicting municipal profits with developers are located. In terms of economic dimension, economic disadvantages for developers and the reluctance of corporations and banks to lend have the highest coefficient of 0/66. Thereafter, Land price indicators (especially in the middle textures), land speculation and stock exchange, citizens' inability to afford, the cost of in-city projects over marginal projects, the costs of land acquisition and consolidation, and the high costs of obtaining development permits and building permits are placed, respectively. In the legal-administrative variable, the highest coefficient is related to the land use regulations and detailed plan. Subsequent indicators include long administrative licensing process, lack of a well-developed plan for land development and texture improvement, availability of government-owned and military-owned land, and extension of time to improve networks and infrastructure. In the physical aspect, the index of lack of infrastructure and suitable facilities has gained a higher score (0/65) than the proximity index of land and textures with intrusive land uses (repair shop, railways) and suburban settlements.
Conclusions
In order to achieve sustainable urban development in Ahvaz, infill development approach must be considered as an efficient strategy for disciplining urban sustainable development. This protects the city from unnecessary expansion while preserving the environment and agricultural lands. To achieve such sustainability, accurate planning is needed that include optimal use of wasteland, planning for the worn-out and inefficient textures of the city, etc. Planning for the use of lands and textures and intensifying their use requires examining and removing barriers. In this regard, the most important barriers of using infill development were identified through library studies. The results show that managers and experts believe that legal and administrative factors with a coefficient of 1, has the greatest effect on the lack of realization and implementation of the infill development approach in Ahvaz city and after that economic variable with coefficient 0/94, social variable with coefficient 0/66 physical variables with coefficient of 0/55 have been the most to the least effect on failure to implement infill development in Ahvaz, respectively
https://www.jscity.ir/article_105873_c48bdfe33c807c2a36d68fb37f12ca59.pdf
2020-05-19
71
87
10.22034/jsc.2020.196014.1079
Infill development
development barriers
Ahvaz city
Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Mahoood
Arvin
arvin.mahmood@ut.ac.ir
1
Phd. Student of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Zanganeh
saeed.zanganeh@ut.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1) اسدیان، فریده و سیاحی، زهرا (1390) نقش الگوی مشارکت مردمی در بهسازی و نوسازی بافتهای فرسوده شهری با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی مطالعه موردی: محله عامری اهواز، فصلنامه جغرافیایی آمایش محیط، بهار 1390، دوره 4، شماره 12، صص. 163-139.
1
2) اسفیدانی، محمدرحیم و محسنین، شهریار (1392) مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری (آموزشی و کاربردی) به کمک نرمافزار لیزرل. چاپ سوم، تهران: انتشارات مهربان نشر.
2
3) آروین، محمود؛ پوراحمد، احمد؛ زنگنه شهرکی (1395) سنجش الگوی پراکنده رویی و شناسایی حوزههای عمل توسعه درونی شهر (نمونه موردی: شهر اهواز)، مطالعات محیطی هفت حصار، پاییز 1395، دوره 5، شماره 17، صص. 62-45.
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4) داداش پور، هاشم؛ تقوایی، علیاکبر؛ قانع، نرگس (1393) بررسی ظرفیت توسعه میان افزا در فضاهای موقوفه شهری مطالعه موردی: ناحیه 3 منطقه 2 شهر اهواز، مطالعات شهر ایرانی-اسلامی، دوره 5، شماره 15، صص. 78-63.
4
5) آیینی، محمد و اردستانی، زهرا (1388) هرم بازآفرینی و مشارکت مردم معیار ارزیابی برنامههای توسعه درونزای شهری، نشریه هویت شهر، شماره پنجم، پاییز و زمستان 1388، دوره 3، شماره 5، صص. 58-47.
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6) پریزادی، طاهر (1391) بررسی توسعه درونی شهر با تأکید بر مسکن (موردمطالعه: شهر سنندج)، پایاننامه دکتری رشته جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، به راهنمایی دکتر حمیدرضا وارثی، دانشگاه اصفهان.
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7) پورمحمدی، محمدرضا؛ شفاعتی، آرزو؛ ملکی، کیومرث (1392) ارزیابی پتانسیل میان افزایی در محور تاریخی –فرهنگی کلانشهر تبریز، نشریه علمی –پژوهشی جغرافیا و برنامهریزی، بهار 1392، سال 17، شماره 42، صص. 70-41.
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8) پورمحمدی، محمدرضا و تقی پور، علیاکبر (1391) بازیافت اراضی بایر شهری، جغرافیا و برنامهریزی، زمستان 1391، دوره 16، شماره 42، صص. 88-65.
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9) حیاتی، سلمان (1391) تحلیل شاخصهای رشد هوشمند شهری در مشهد، پایاننامه کارشناس ارشد رشته جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، به راهنمایی دکتر محمدرحیم رهنما، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
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10) رضایی، مریم؛ ابراهیمزاده، عیسی؛ رفیعیان، مجتبی (1396) بررسی و سنجش راهکارها و سیاستهای مؤثر در مدیریت اراضی رهاشده شهری، نمونه موردی: شهر ایلام، مجله آمایش جغرافیایی فضا، زمستان 1396، دوره 7، شماره 26، صص. 162-145.
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11) رفیعیان، مجتبی؛ براتی، ناصر؛ آرام، مرضیه (1389) سنجش ظرفیتهای توسعه فضاهای دون استفاده در مرکز شهر قزوین با تأکید بر رویکرد توسعه میان افزا، فصلنامه معماری و شهرسازی، پاییز و زمستان 1389، دوره 3، شماره 5، صص. 61-45.
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58
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Explaining Strategies for Increasing Physical Resilience against Flood
Case Study: Cheshmeh Kile River, Tonekabon River
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The intensity of flooding in different parts of the country or in other words in different catchments, depending on climatic conditions, topography and other factors, such as: vegetation varies from point to point. Existing studies based on hydrological statistics and flood events show that the southwest and southeast are the most flood-prone parts of the country. According to studies, about 40 small and large floods occur annually in all parts of Iran. Land leveling, encroachment on rivers and canals, changes in the pattern of natural drainage and flooding in urban areas; The roads will be flooded and the city's maintenance costs will increase.Natural disasters, which are part of the process of human life and are increasing in number and diversity every day, pose a major challenge to achieve sustainable development. In recent years, considerable damages have been caused to the physical fabric of Tonekabon due to the floods and its effects are mainly on the urban fabric around the main river of the city (Cheshmeh-Kileh River). Therefore, the purpose of this article is to elaborate strategies that lead to increased physical resilience against the flood of the Cheshmeh-Kileh River in Tonekabon.
Methodology
The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method. Therefore, prior to starting the SWOT model steps, variables and indicators were extracted using previous researches in theoretical foundations and then, the conceptual model was developed. Subsequently, using the Content Validity Analysis (CVR) method, the essential variables and indicators were identified to be analyzed using the SWOT model. The methodology of this research is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods that utilize GIS, AHP and SWOT softwares. Flood risk simulation software (HEC_GEORAS) was used to map the flood risk in the fabric. Three flood risk zones (river privacy, high risk, and medium risk zones) were then identified and then the indicators and variables applied in the study were prioritized. These variables were extracted from different sources and the validity of selected cases was determined and finally strategies were applied to reduce the risk of flooding in the surrounding of Cheshmeh-Kileh River.
Results and discussion
Out of 7 indicators, 6 indicators were selected as land use indicators to increase the physical resilience of Tonekabon city against floods, which can be identified in the next step using a hierarchical analysis model. Out of 10 variables, 7 variables were considered useful by urban experts (municipality, Tonekabon water department and governorate) as functional variables to increase the physical resilience of Tonekabon city against floods.
Since the impact of variables and indicators on the issue of physical resilience is not the same, it is necessary to adopt strategies and policies according to their prioritization. To prioritize the variables and indicators, using a hierarchical analysis model, two questionnaires were set separately, one for the variables and the other for the indicators, as a matrix to compare them in pairs, and with the help of a survey of 30 urban planning experts, their importance coefficient was determined.
Conclusion
The results show that there is a coherent relationship between the physical structure in the fabrics around the Cheshmeh-Kileh River in Tonekabon and the increasing physical resilience of Tonekabon against flood. Therefore, by applying the principles and strategies formulated in this article, we can improve the city's performance during floods through planning, designing and implementing the appropriate fabric structure around the River.
https://www.jscity.ir/article_95525_95e728f4f153766a5a0c4335bb26992a.pdf
2020-05-19
89
105
10.22034/jsc.2019.186626.1014
Physical resilience
flood
Cheshmeh Kileh river
Tonekabon city
Keramatolah
Zayyari
zayyari@ut.ac.ir
1
Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Marzieh
Ebrahimipoor
marziehebrahimipoor@gmail.com
2
PhD student in Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohamad reza
Pourjafar
pourja_m@modares.ac.ir
3
Professor of Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
esmaeil
salehi
tehranssaleh@ut.ac.ir
4
Associate Professor of Environmental Management and Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Spatial analysis of hotspots crimes in the physical texture of Pakdasht
Extended Abstract Introduction Over time, criminologists have found that specific locations influence the occurrence of crime. As in the past few decades, spatial analysis theories in criminology have shifted from focusing on the motivation of criminals to study crime points. In fact, some locations have a greater chance of occurring due to the physical and environmental characteristics as well as the social, cultural, and economic features of the inhabitants; on the contrary, some places are a barrier to criminal opportunities. Therefore, it can be said that identifying the factors in the incidence of crime is the first step in combating social depravity, because by eliminating these factors or reducing their effects can prevent or at least reduce the level of delinquency in society. Pakdasht has been subject to rapid physical and demographic growth bans over the past few decades due to the growth of informal housing and disrupted urban development, and the physical characteristics of the city have had an impact on environmental quality in terms of crime. Therefore, the key question in the present study is as following: what is the relationship between the physical texture of the city and the patterns of robbery crimes occurrence in Pakdasht? For this purpose, to analyze the pattern, extent and distribution of urban crime, the relationship between the physical texture of the city and the pattern of robbery crimes has been investigated. Methodology The research method of this study is descriptive-analytical and in terms of purpose is an applied one. Also is based on library and field studies. The statistical population of this study was 302 cases of robbery. Mapping Clusters toolkit from ArcGIS software was used for spatial distribution and spatial representation of hot and cold physical textures of Pakdasht. Also to explore the pattern trends affecting physical parameters (passages width, building life, construction quality, size of discrete components, passages lighting, passage coverage, presence of demolished buildings, physical quality and building materials) on crimes, GWR was used. Results and Discussion The distribution of the robbery crimes perpetration place in the city shows that they have a cluster pattern in the central part of the city. Accordingly, the pattern of delinquency in Pakdasht city and most of the crimes of robbery occurred near the main streets and the central part of the city and other areas of the city have a lower crime density than these neighborhoods, which is evidence of the accumulation of delinquency patterns in certain areas of the city. hotspots have also been formed from Shahid Motahari Street Clock Square to Mamazani Head. There is also a focal point behind the municipality (Elihiya), that one of the reasons could be the high level of burglary of residential homes. Another pattern is in the sand and branch area, which is the informal settlement area. In this regard, the Local R2 coefficient for the model of impact of physical indicators on crime occurrence in Pakdasht is between (0/39 – 0/00), which means that the correlation between the independent variable (physical indicators) and the dependent variable (crime) is high in red areas of the city and contrariwise. In fact, locally and spatially, it indicates that the extent of the influence of physical indicators on crime is greater. For example, in areas of the city with poor lighting, crime rates are also high. Therefore, the greatest impact of physical factors and the interdependence between the framework and the occurrence of crime are in the marginal areas of the city that constitute the old texture areas of the city, as well as in areas known as worn-out and informal settlement. Conclusion According to the physical indicators of Pakdasht informal settlements (passage width, construction life, construction quality, size of segments, lighting and passages, passage coverage, presence of demolished buildings, dominant physical quality in the neighborhood and building materials), physical factors are directly related to occurrence of a crime. As such, the greatest impact of physical factors and the relationship between framework and crime occurrence has taken place in the marginal areas (Elahiyeh Phase 2 and Ghoute and Jito crossroads) and near the worn-out and informal settlement of the city (Zeinabieh and Imamzadeh Ghoueh) and the central district is less correlated with the predisposing physical factors due to its location in the downtown area and to some extent the importance of safety issues in buildings. The coefficient (Local R2) on impact of physical indicators on crime occurrence model in Pakdasht shows in terms of locally and spatially that the effect of physical indicators on crime occurrence is greater so that the most influence of physical factors and dependence between framework and crime occurrence has occurred in the suburbs near the worn-out texture and informal housing of the city due to the specific conditions of the turbulence and worn-out texture, and crime rates have been high in areas of the city where illumination and lighting are inadequate.
https://www.jscity.ir/article_107999_624fd8ef1a3702f714e660289692b999.pdf
2020-05-19
107
122
10.22034/jsc.2020.187370.1019
Physical Texture
hotspots crimes
Robbery
Pakdasht City
Mohsen
Kalantari
mo_kalantari@sbu.ac.ir
1
Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vahid
Abbasi Fallah
vahidabbasi@ut.ac.ir
2
PhD Student of Geography and Urban Planning, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Jacob
Abdali
yaghob.abdali@ut.ac.ir
3
PhD Student of Geography and Urban Planning, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Ehsaskhah
m.ehsaskhah@ut.ac.ir
4
PhD Student of Geography and Urban Planning, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Feasibility Pattern of Indigenous Indicators of the Biophilic City
Case Study: 9th and 10th District of Tehran Metropolitan
Extended abstract
Introduction
Nowadays, cities are increasingly dominated by buildings, and, they have become as laboratories for the supply of human ambitions among the fortresses of concrete, steel and glass with the least natural space, so that the lack of biodiversity in these cities is quite noticeable. This has led to disrupt natural spaces with urban spaces, evacuate cities from natural environments, divert urban residents from their inherent needs for communication with nature and also it causes change of their perceptions of the natural environment. The existence of these issues and the recognition of humanity's inherent need to communicate with nature has led to biophilic as a new approach. The aim of present study is to analyze the ranking and feasibility of biophilic approach indicators in 9th and 10th districts of Tehran. These districts due to the proximity and uniformity of the environment have same conditions and according to the lack of green spaces, open space, their geographical location in the city, the presence of worn-out textures and so on , a greater portion of different types of pollution and environmental issues have been devoted to them than other ones. Accordingly, these two districts were selected in order to reduce environmental problems and provide a suitable model for overcoming these issues and considering biophilic city's mission in protecting and enhancing natural spaces in the city. Based on the purpose of the study, the research questions are as follows:
- What are the most important factors affecting the realization of the biophilic city in 9th and 10th districts of Tehran ?
- What is the current status of 9th and 10th districts of Tehran from the viewpoint of localized indicators of biophilic urban planning?
Methodology
The present study is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of content and methodology. The required data and information were collected through the library and field method. In this study, the main and global indicators of biophilic city have been identified by reviewing articles and theoretical literature. These indicators were localized by 10 faculty members and PhD students in the fields of geography and urban planning and the environment who had essays, books, and studies on the subject and environment of the case study. After saturating the experts' opinion about the indigenous research indicators, they were selected as the final research indicators. The Swara method is used for data analysis.
Results and discussion
According to experts, the index of institutions and organizations with a coefficient of 2.37, biophilic infrastructure with a score of 1/65, biophilic attitudes and awareness with a score of 1/20, and finally biophilic activity with a score of 0/99, have been identified as the most important indicators, respectively. So The necessity of considering these indicators based on their priority will lead to feasibility of the biophilic city within the case study. The impact of these indicators (either directly or indirectly) has an important role in determining the status of the study area in terms of biophilic urban planning according to the results of experts’ ideas. The status of 9th and 10th districts of Tehran are in a suitable situation in terms of infrastructure and condition indicators, number of gardens, total private and public green space, and also among the indicators of activity index, being curious about the environment .as the results of the waspas method showed, district No.9 is more desirable than No.10 ones.
Conclusion
Swara test results show that according to experts, institutions and organizations index with a final weight of ./3705, biophilic infrastructure with a weight of 1.65769, biophilic attitudes and awareness with a final weight of 1.20999 and finally biophilic activities with Weight of 0.99994 were identified as the most important indicators, respectively. Also, according to the results of waspas test, district No.9 with Qi value equal to 0.081207 is more suitable in terms of feasibility of biophilic indexes than district No.10. Biophilic urban planning is a new approach and as a manifestation of a sustainable city. In Iran's metropolitan areas where sustainable development is rapidly undercut by environmental and ecological problems, the urban biophilic model can play an essential role as a localized sustainable development model. According to the results of the studies were done, the biophilic urban planning approach has the potential to provide a wide range of social and psychological benefits to residents as well as environmental, functional and economic benefits to major cities. Therefore, in order to exploit the benefits of this approach and its feasibility in cities, a systematic and comprehensive study of environmental, social, economic, and other conditions and characteristics is necessary. Therefore, it can be stated that although the studied areas in terms of such biophilic indicators have an appropriate condition, the situation of these two districts is in an unsuitable condition. And the current situation in these two areas has made it difficult to achieve feasibility of biophilic indicators.
https://www.jscity.ir/article_102592_c781cce2788d7c8f039a11af41f72c2d.pdf
2020-05-19
123
146
10.22034/jsc.2020.188787.1032
Biofilia
biophilic city
9th and 10th districts of Tehran
Zahra
Tardast
ztardast.52@gmail.com
1
PhD student in Geography and Urban Planning, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Azita
Rajabi
azitarajabi@yahoo.com
2
Associate Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
abolfazl
meshkini
meshkini@modares.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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