@article { author = {Kamanroodi Kojouri, Mousa and Zanganeh, Ahmad and Soleimani Mehranjani, Mohammad and Farhadi, Javad}, title = {Factors and Decline Zones of Mashhad Metropolis}, journal = {Sustainable city}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {1-16}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Iranian Geography and Urban Planning Association}, issn = {2476-6631}, eissn = {2476-6151}, doi = {10.22034/jsc.2021.211720.1166}, abstract = {Extended AbstractIntroductionThe disrupted textures of the central district of the major cities have been considered one of the main urban issues and have led to the loss of their middle and high-income population. Over the past 50 years, more than 100,000 people in 370 cities have reported a demographic decline of at least 10 percent. The purpose of this paper is to understand the decline as a phenomenon affecting the dynamics of the city of Mashhad, and to identify the declined areas of the city, to obscure the concept of worn-out textures. In other words, this paper seeks to explain the decline phenomenon as a substitute for the concept of worn-out texture, the process that influences the dynamics of Mashhad city, and the factors that affect the decline of the city. Sub article targets include: A. Specify the boundary and extent of declined areas of the city, B. Explain and obscure the use of the concept of worn-out texture. So far, the reasons for the formation of worn-out texture have been attributed to the aging and obsolete urban texture. Today, however, it is believed that the worn-out texture is a diminutive conception of the complex difficulty of problematic zones in the space of production, circulation and consumption, which only deals with the phenomenon and appearance of the problem. In this article, urban decline is described as a phenomenon and process that influences the dynamics of the city of Mashhad and the effective factors on it are stated. Also, the extent of declined areas of the city were identified and the concept of worn-out texture was disambiguation.  The questions we are looking for in this research are:What is a decline? What are the variables for recognizing this phenomenon? Which areas of the city have these characteristics?What are the reasons for the formation of this phenomenon?Is the decay process dominant in the central and historical part of the city of Mashhad? MethodologyThe variables of this study are determined based on the theory of "the role of non-investment in urban decline". However, due to lack of information on direct indicators of deterioration measurement (number of people and jobs out of property), these variables were selected from the official census data of the National Statistical Center of Iran. Also, in the absence of long data, spatial differences and cumulative effect of investment layers were exerted to show the trend of prosperity and stagnation of deterioration variables: the ratio of wifeless women, population growth rate between 1986 to 2011, population ratio born in Mashhad, proportion of tenant households, ratio of population over 65 years of age, ratio of literate population, ratio of labor population (simple and industrial), ratio of newly constructed buildings (2006-2011), ratio of poor housing households, proportion of non-student population with higher education, population density (persons per hectare), ratio of unemployed population to active population.The hypothesis test was conducted by examining the statistical population from 2006 to 2011 in the form of census blocks conducted by the Statistical Center in 2011. Also, data analysis was performed by standardizing the changers based on Z score and dispersion and accumulation of deterioration phenomenon by G index (Moran Spatial Autocorrelation). Then, the deteriorated neighborhoods were determined based on the total score of each neighborhood in the map. In this regard, statistical processing and cartography of maps have been done by using of Excel and Arc GIS software programs. Results and discussionRanking of variables indicates that: The ratio of the population with a literacy to a population over 6 years old, the proportion of educated people with a higher education to a literacy population, ratio of poor housing households (two households and more in residential units to whole residential units), the ratio of the labor population (simple and industrial) to the employed population and population growth rate between 1986 and 2011, are the most important factors in the declining of inner city of Mashhad. The difference between declining spaces and spaces without signs of decline reveals new aspects of urban decline. For example, the high population density along with the lower population growth rate of areas compared to the rest of the city indicate emigration, population aging, fragmentation and concentration of deprived groups in these spaces. A smaller proportion of the population with a high level of literacy also reflects a shortage of specialized labor and richer groups in these neighborhoods. And, finally, the existence of newly constructed buildings represents less attractive neighborhoods for investment. The survey of the data of the declining zones shows that 56.2% of the area of Mashhad is in an appropriate condition (no decline), and 17% of the city's area is classified in low decline. Meanwhile, medium and large declined neighborhoods have occupied a total of 26% of the city's total area. This categorization is based on the method of the natural break points of the data and with little correction. The assessment of the obtained areas based on this classification method with field surveys indicates that classification accuracy in different areas of the city is appropriate. ConclusionThe G test showed that the demographic characteristics of the city of Mashhad were highly concentrated and cluster distributed, and there is a clear difference between East and West of this city. The obtained clustering from the sum of Z standard, indicates a completely clustered and concentrated phenomenon of decline in Mashhad. In general, the rates of variables indicate that the characteristics of the decline are more concentrated in the central and eastern parts of the city of Mashhad. The opposite is western neighborhoods that are far from the effects of decline. Meanwhile, there are neighborhoods that are geographically interspersed between these two parts and, according to the G statistical test, are not significant in either of these two categories. This means that the attribute of decline in them is not significantly positive or negative clustering. In general, this map shows the separation and clear differentiation of deprived and declining areas from the developed areas of Mashhad.  Urban Decline, Worn-out Texture, G Test, Standard Z Score, Mashhad City. }, keywords = {Urban Decline,Worn-out Texture,G Test,Standard Z Score,Mashhad City}, title_fa = {عوامل و پهنه‌های زوال کلان‌شهر مشهد}, abstract_fa = {زوال را می‌توان فرایند پالایش جمعیتی و اقتصادی و کاهش تدریجی طبقات یا اقشار متوسط به بالا و افت بخش مرکزی شهرها تعریف کرد. شهر مشهد 2292 هکتار بافت فرسوده دارد که حدود 600 هزار نفر در آن بافت‌ها سکونت دارند. بر اساس مطالعات اکتشافی به‌عمل‌آمده، تحولات این بافت‌ها در چند دهه اخیر با ماهیت زوال مطابقت دارد. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، شناسایی عوامل و انطباق و یا عدم انطباق زوال محلات بخش مرکزی شهر مشهد با بافت فرسوده و قدیمی آن است. برای انجام این پژوهش، 12 متغیر مرتبط به پدیده زوال در سرشماری نفوس و مسکن محلات این شهر انتخاب و بر اساس نمره Z استانداردسازی، مقایسه و بر اساس مجموع امتیاز به نقشه تبدیل شدند. آزمون فرضیات با بررسی جامعه آماری سال‌های 1365 تا 1390 و بلوک‌های سرشماری سال 1390 مرکز آمار ایران انجام‌شده است. تحلیل داده‌ها از طریق استانداردسازی متغیرها بر اساس نمره Z و آزمون میزان پراکندگی و تجمع پدیده زوال توسط شاخص G (خودهمبستگی فضایی موران) انجام‌شده است. محلات دارای زوال بر اساس مجموع امتیاز هر یک از محلات در نقشه مشخص شد. پردازش آماری و کارتوگرافی نقشه‌ها به کمک نرم‌افزارهای Excel و Arc GIS صورت پذیرفته است. نتایج محاسبات نشان می‌دهد که میانگین نمرات استاندارد متغیرها در سطح شهر، نزدیک به صفر بوده و دارای اختلاف و تفاضل اندکی در مقایسه با یکدیگر هستند. ازاین‌رو، از مقایسه تفاضل میانگین امتیازات استانداردشده پهنه‌های در حال زوال و فاقد زوال شهر مشهد استفاده شد. رتبه‌بندی متغیرها نشان می‌دهد که سطح تحصیلات و تبعات شغلی و درآمدی آن و میزان سرمایه‌گذاری در ابنیه جدید به ترتیب تأثیرگذارترین عوامل در زوال بخش درونی شهر مشهد هستند. همچنین، قدمت و منسوخ‌شدگی بافت، عامل اصلی نابسامانی محلات بخش مرکزی شهر مشهد نیست، بلکه میزان برخورداری اقتصادی و منزلت اجتماعی موجب زوال این محلات شده‌اند.}, keywords_fa = {زوال شهری,بافت فرسوده,آزمون G,امتیاز استاندارد Z,شهر مشهد}, url = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_139152.html}, eprint = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_139152_a65207aaa55bb51ccfe500d7d5fca054.pdf} } @article { author = {Ameri, Mohamad Ali}, title = {Effective Components on Crime Prevention and Urban Security Case Study: District 15 of Tehran}, journal = {Sustainable city}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {19-37}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Iranian Geography and Urban Planning Association}, issn = {2476-6631}, eissn = {2476-6151}, doi = {10.22034/jsc.2021.286531.1472}, abstract = {Extended AbstractIntroductionIt is necessary to have an active and dynamic urban community with sustainable dimensions, crime prevention and security. This issue, along with estimating basic needs, is considered as one of the main pillars of sustainability in the growth and development of cities. The category of urban security in public spaces, which is always a refuge for the peace and comfort of citizens, is very important. District 15 of Tehran as one of the marginal areas and the main entrance of Tehran in the southeast of Tehran, by accepting all kinds of ethnicities and immigrants to live in this area, increasing the rate of marginalization, the existence of drug addicts, beggars, sleeping cartons, working children and etc., has become a suitable bed for creating insecure and abnormal spaces and increasing the amount of crime in this area. For this purpose, according to the characteristics of the district, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effective components on urban security in order to achieve the dimensions of a sustainable city in this region. MethodologyThe present study is part of “applied" and "descriptive-analytical" researches with a structural approach to urban security. Library studies and documents related to the research topic were used to collect the descriptive part of the research and for the analytical part of the research, security analysis in urban spaces of 15th district of Tehran has been done by using a survey method and a questionnaire in three dimensions of fundamental, dynamics and safety. To analyze the research data from Pearson correlation statistical tests to evaluate the internal relationship of components, t-test to evaluate the priority of components and diagnostic analysis model to predict the process of security in district 15 according to the components of the structuralist approach in SPSS software, were exerted.The statistical population of this research consists of 659468 residents of 15th district of Tehran. The statistical sample size was estimated to be 384 using Cochran's formula`. The data collection tool in this study was a questionnaire that was randomly distributed and collected among the sample size. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, the KMO measure was used in the form of factor analysis test, the validity of which was evaluated at 0.76 and at an appropriate level. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient test was exerted. The following result indicates the general confirmation of the reliability of the questionnaire with a coefficient of 0.79. Results and discussionProper analysis of spatial patterns of crime and social harm is a vital issue for cities and is one of the important social criteria of societies. The discovery of such patterns could be the starting point for further research on other topics. The damage distribution map shows that the spatial distribution of these indicators is not random and follows a specific spatial pattern. These patterns are the result of a set of economic, social, cultural, and behavioural processes. District 15 of Tehran has the highest statistics of social harms and various crimes among other ones. On the other hand, the distribution of crime in Tehran shows that the occurrence of social harms in the neighbourhood and the region is more prominent. Therefore, it can be said that "Social harms in Tehran are mainly regional and neighbourhood identities, and so that their geographical study is needed to achieve a community prevention model." In this regard, using a structuralist approach in this study, the components and indicators affecting urban security and the prevention and reduction of crime in the 15th district of Tehran were investigated. The structuralist approach to security, according to its theorizing process, evaluates the category of security based on the conditions of developing countries. Its components also indicate the root problems and challenges that can lead to insecurity in urban spaces in these countries. In this study, the components of this approach were evaluated in the 15th district of Tehran. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the explanation of security in urban areas of the region, the internal relationship of the selected components was assessed based on a structuralist perspective. ConclusionA- The assessment of urban security in the 15th district of Tehran has been correctly explained according to the components of the structuralist approach based on the high internal relationship between these components;B- The fundamental component was identified as an important component in identifying weaknesses based on priority analysis for better planning to identify strengths and weaknesses and according to the indicators of the three components of the structuralist approach;C- Based on the forecast of the process of achieving security in urban spaces of District 15 of Tehran, data analysis showed that according to the current situation, a better safety component can predict the process of achieving security in urban spaces of District 15.}, keywords = {urban security,Crime Prevention,District 15 of Tehran,Structuralist approach}, title_fa = {مؤلفه‌های مؤثر بر پیشگیری از جرائم و تأمین امنیت شهری مطالعه موردی: منطقه 15 شهر تهران}, abstract_fa = {لازمه داشتن شهری پویا با ابعاد پایدار، تأمین امنیت شهری می‌باشد. این مسئله در کنار برآورد نیازهای اساسی از ارکان اصلی در توسعه شهرها قلمداد شده است. به همین منظور با توجه به در حاشیه بودن و بروز جرائم و آسیب‌های اجتماعی متعدد در منطقه 15 تهران، هدف از این مطالعه بررسی مؤلفه‌های مؤثر بر تأمین امنیت شهری در راستای تحقق ابعاد شهر پایدار در این منطقه می‌باشد. مطالعه حاضر از نوع «کاربردی» و به روش «کمی - پیمایشی» با لحاظ رویکرد ساختارگرا انجام‌شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق را ساکنان منطقه 15 تهران به تعداد 659468 نفر تشکیل و حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 384 نفر برآورد گردید. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه بوده که به‌صورت تصادفی در بین نمونه آماری توزیع گردید. برای تعیین روایی پرسشنامه از سنجه KMO استفاده که روایی آن 76/0 و برای تعیین پایایی از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده که نتیجه حاکی از تأیید کلی آن با ضریب 79/0 بوده است. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار SPSS استفاده‌شده است. بر مبنای یافته‌های تحقیق همبستگی درونی مناسب در بین 3 مؤلفه بنیادی، دینامیکی و امنیتی ارزیابی امنیت در فضاهای شهری منطقه 15 تهران وجود داشته که دراین‌بین مؤلفه بنیادی از اولویت بالاتری برخوردار بوده است. نتایج نشان داد که شاخص‌هایی چون تأثیر نوع طراحی محیطی، میزان کیفیت زندگی افراد، فقدان یا فرسودگی زیرساخت‌های شهری و هم‌جواری محیط‌های مسکونی با محیط‌های ناامن دارای اهمیت بیشتری به‌منظور برنامه‌ریزی برای بهبود شرایط آن‌ها جهت بسترسازی مقوله امنیت در فضاهای شهری منطقه 15 شهر تهران می‌باشد.}, keywords_fa = {امنیت شهری,پیشگیری از جرم,منطقه 15 شهر تهران,رویکرد ساختارگرا}, url = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_139155.html}, eprint = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_139155_f83482facacae003305b09ef047d5755.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammadpour, Saber and Mehrjou, Mehrdad}, title = {Implementation of Land-Use Policies to Promote Urban Resilience Case Study: Rudbar City}, journal = {Sustainable city}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {39-54}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Iranian Geography and Urban Planning Association}, issn = {2476-6631}, eissn = {2476-6151}, doi = {10.22034/jsc.2021.229769.1241}, abstract = {Extended AbstractIntroductionDue to the unexpected nature of accidents and the need to make the right decisions and take appropriate action to reduce vulnerability, increase safety and resilience of settlements; management and planning are essential. In the meantime, land-use planning has a high potential in improving the conditions of human settlements and increasing the resilience of cities against risks. Land-use planning is a key to reduce risks according to the dimensions of spatial structure and the impact of its analytical tools and policies on the intensity and type of development. Unfavorable situation of physical elements and inappropriate use of urban lands, inadequate urban communication network, high urban densities, situation of infrastructure installations and inefficient distribution of urban spaces play an essential role in increasing the rate of urban damage. Because land-use planning, which is based on foresight, risk-taking, and decision-making and based on preventive measures, focuses on changing the vulnerabilities of cities, thereby reducing the impact of disasters and preventing them. On the other hand, recognizing resilience can help determine the traits and characteristics that increase the capacity of communities to deal with disasters and suggest tools to help the process of reducing vulnerability. Therefore, it can be said that if land-use planning and recognition of resilience is done properly, disaster risk for cities can be promising. In fact, the purpose of this study is to apply land-use planning policies in order to optimize and use the capabilities and resilience of the city against natural hazards. Accordingly, the main question of the research is as follow:-Which of the land-use planning policies are effective on reducing natural hazards and promoting urban resilience? MethodologyThe present research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical in aspect of method. The purpose of this study is to apply land-use planning policies in order to optimize and use the capabilities and resilience of the city against natural hazards. Data were collected through documentary-library studies and questionnaire tool. The statistical population of the study was citizens living in Rudbar city which 384 samples have been calculated by using of the Cochran's formula. Convergence validity of the extracted mean variance (AVE) should be higher than 0.5 and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha test of 0.915. SPSS and Smart-PLS software programs were exerted to analyze the statistical data of the questionnaires to prepare models between the dimensions of land-use planning policies and urban resilience. The land-use planning policies in the research have a multidimensional structure that includes: physical, social, economic and environmental policies. Results and DiscussionRegression analysis showed a significant difference. The land-use policy variable has 68% ability to estimate the improvement of the institutional index, 61% economic, 57% physical and 55% urban resilience dimensions. Also, the beta coefficient of the variables is from the highest to the lowest. Institutional 0.826, physical 0.761 and social 0.724, these positive coefficients show that if a standard deviation from the variable of physical land use policy in Rudbar increases, the amount of housing diversity according to the implementation of housing policy between vertical and horizontal development will be different. Technology is on the rise in the city. The physical policy of maintaining a balance between vertical and horizontal development will also apply, as well as housing diversity in terms of resilience in the city. Accordingly, environmental policy to prevent land degradation of the existing transportation network in the city can increase service responsiveness as well as the usability of existing land. ConclusionWhat a city does before a hazard determines what happens after it, so the amount of casualties and damage from natural disasters depends on how well the local community is prepared for the event. Inadequate physical condition of the city, such as improper distribution and shortage of public open spaces, inefficient and inadequate road network, increased urban density, dilapidated and vulnerable buildings have a significant impact on the amount of damage caused by earthquakes and natural disasters and increase the city's recovery time. Examination of research criteria in the city of Rudbar, indicates the unsatisfactory situation of most criteria in the city. These issues indicate further damage to these areas in the event of earthquakes and natural disasters; therefore, this area is one of the priorities for action in the city and the preparation of plans to reduce the risk in these areas is very necessary. With the development of the city to the surrounding area, manifestations of urban planning and land use planning (narrow streets, better distribution and increase the extend of open spaces as a result of more access to open spaces, etc.) in the urban texture are visible. Finally, by comparing some of the indicators of urban resilience with the dimensions of land use policies, it was determined that if the land-use policies in Rudbar city are implemented according to the prepared plans, the resilience indicators of Rudbar city can also be improved. It seems that urban management and planning in this sector has remained at the level of plans and has only paid attention to factors such as suitable climate, ease of sewage disposal, the presence of barren land, etc. in the development of the city and ignores the infrastructure of future development of Rudbar city. It can be said that the nature of earthquakes and natural disasters in comparison with other risks and economic, social and political considerations cause the local government to refrain from this action despite its ability to prevent risky development and improve the quality of it.}, keywords = {Urban Resilience,land-use planning,Policy implementation,Rudbar-Rasht}, title_fa = {کاربست سیاست‌های کاربری زمین در راستای ارتقای تاب‌آوری شهری مطالعه موردی: شهر رودبار}, abstract_fa = {برنامه‌ریزی کاربری زمین قابلیت بالایی در بهبود شرایط سکونتگاه‌های انسانی و افزایش تاب‌آوری شهرها در برابر مخاطرات دارد. با توجه به ابعاد ساختار مکانی- فضایی و تأثیرگذاری ابزارهای تحلیلی و سیاست‌های برنامه‌ریزی کاربری زمین بر شدت و نوع توسعه، ابزاری مهم برای کاهش خطرات محسوب می‌شوند. درواقع هدف از این پژوهش، کاربرد سیاست‌های برنامه‌ریزی کاربری زمین در راستای بهینه‌سازی و استفاده از توانایی‌ها و تاب‌آور کردن شهر در برابر مخاطرات طبیعی است. پژوهش حاضر ازلحاظ هدف کاربردی و به لحاظ روش ماهیتی توصیفی- تحلیلی است. گردآوری داده‌ها با مطالعات اسنادی- کتابخانه‌ای و برداشت‌های میدانی از طریق ابزارهایی همانند مشاهده و تکمیل پرسشنامه صورت گرفته است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، شهروندان ساکن در شهر رودبار بوده که تعداد نمونه‌ها با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 384 نفر محاسبه‌شده است. پایایی پرسشنامه نیز با آزمون آلفای کرونباخ 915/0 محاسبه شد. از رگرسیون چندگانه که یک پیش‌شرط لازم برای موردبررسی قرار دادن رابطه معناداری است استفاده شد. متغیر سیاست کالبدی کاربری زمین به میزان 68 درصد توانایی برآورد ارتقاء شاخص نهادی، 61 درصد اقتصادی، 57 درصد کالبدی و 55 درصد بعد اجتماعی تاب‌آوری شهری را دارد. و همچنین ضریب بتای متغیرها نیز از بیشترین به کمترین بدین شرح است؛ 826/0 نهادی، 761/0 کالبدی و 742/0 اجتماعی. این ضرایب مثبت بیان‌گر آن است که اگر یک انحراف معیار از متغیر سیاست کالبدی کاربری زمین در شهرستان رودبار افزایش یابد به این میزان که اگر سیاست کالبدی حفظ تناسب میان توسعه عمودی و افقی اجرا شود به همان میزان نیز تنوع مسکن به لحاظ تاب‌آوری در شهر افزایش می‌یابد. با مقایسه برخی از شاخص‌های تاب‌آوری شهری با ابعاد سیاست‌های کاربری زمین مشخص شد که اگر سیاست‌های کاربری زمین در شهر رودبار طبق برنامه‌ها و طرح‌های تهیه‌شده اجرا شود شاخص‌های تاب‌آوری شهری رودبار نیز قابل ارتقاء است.}, keywords_fa = {تاب‌آوری شهری,برنامه‌ریزی کاربری زمین,کاربرد سیاست‌ها,رودبار-رشت}, url = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_139157.html}, eprint = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_139157_048e8dc3ce6fa4d15bda91c50fd61038.pdf} } @article { author = {Zanganeh, Mahdi and Mahmudi, Narges and Zanganeh, Yaaghob}, title = {Comparative Analysis of Social Sustainability in Old and New Residential Contexts of Cities Case Study: Old and New Context of Sabzevar City}, journal = {Sustainable city}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {55-68}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Iranian Geography and Urban Planning Association}, issn = {2476-6631}, eissn = {2476-6151}, doi = {10.22034/jsc.2021.243874.1292}, abstract = {Extended AbstractIntroductionHousing is the most important urban element in the sustainable development of the city. It is essential to pay attention to it because housing development, in addition to the environment, affects the economy, culture and social issues. Therefore, achieving sustainable housing in order to increase and improve the quality of life of the current and future generations is a serious matter, because today with the growing population, the need to build housing is increasing day by day. Therefore, achieving urban sustainable development and paying attention to sustainable housing can play a constructive role. In terms of social sustainability, sustainable housing is the one that, in addition to providing the necessary facilities and public services for a better human life, is in line with the culture, methods and traditions of its inhabitants and causes family stability, social growth, increasing the safety of people and specially to promote culture and peace of mind of family members. In this regard, the present study (with the aim of achieving indicators of sustainable social development) intends to study and compare indicators of social sustainability in two different residential contexts in Sabzevar city. MethodologyThe present research has been done in two old and new contexts of this city. The central context has a population of 14843 people (5011 families) and Tovhid town which is located 5 km away in the northern part of Sabzevar city has a population of 18239 people (4933 families). The present study is applied-developmental in term of type, the method of research is descriptive-analytical and carried out in survey method (questionnaire). The statistical population in this research is two old and new contexts of Sabzevar city. The sample size according to Cochran's formula was obtained 750 people and the number of samples for the old contexts was 374 and the new ones was 376 samples, which were completed and conducted by stratified random sampling method. Data were analyzed using the one-sample t-test, comparison of means, Pearson and Chi-square, and multivariate regression. The value of alpha for all indicators is equal to. 0.74 which indicates that this scale has appropriate reliability. Results and discussionThe results show that the average score of the Housing Social Sustainability indicator in the central context is 2.924 and in Tovhid town is 3.206. Findings show that the average indicator of social sustainability of housing in the central context (old context) is significantly lower than average and in Tovhid town slightly higher than average. In other words, the indicators of social sustainability of housing in the Tovhid town are close to sustainability and are unsustainable in the central contexts. In the following, the two means are compared with the two assumptions of equality of variances and the assumption of inequality of variances. Given that the significance level of the F test is less than 0.05, the assumption of equality of variances is rejected. And since the level of significance in comparing the means with the assumption of inequality of variance is equal to zero and less than 0.05, it indicates that the difference between the two means is significant. Therefore, there is a significant difference between the studied contexts of Sabzevar city in terms of social sustainability of the residential environment. The results of the correlation coefficient show that there is a significant positive relationship between household income/ occupation/ length of stay/ ownership and housing social sustainability indicator in both the central context and Tovhid town. There is a significant negative relationship between education level and social sustainability indicator of housing in the central context. Thus, it can be said that people with higher education have more knowledge and information about the quality of municipal services as well as citizenship rights, and as a result, they expect to get more benefit from these services. Using the combined multiple regression model, the factors and indicators affecting the social sustainability of the two residential contexts were identified. The results indicate that the nine indicators included in the model, explain 72% of the changes in the dependent variable (social sustainability). In the central context, the Beta values (​in the above table) show that the security indicator has the greatest impact on the old social sustainability of Sabzevar (central) and after these, the indicators of housing quality and identity, in the second and third priority, will also have increasing effects on the social sustainability of the central context. In the new context, the Beta values ​​ (in the above table) show that the participation indicator has the greatest impact on the social sustainability of the new context of Sabzevar (Tovhid town), and after these identity and access to services indicators, in the second and third priority, will also have increasing effects on the social sustainability of the new context. ConclusionThe results obtained in the studied contexts show that the two central and new residential contexts of Sabzevar are not the same in terms of social sustainability indicators. Indicators of place attachment and identity in the central context are more desirable than the new context. the security indicator is not appropriate in any of the contexts. Citizen health in the new context is more desirable due to cleaner air, lack of noise pollution and wider parks. This last indicator has made the residents of the town more cheerful. The housing quality indicator in Tovhid town is considered more desirable than the central context and in general, the average score of social sustainability in the new context is higher than the old one. Also, the results of multivariate regression in the central context show that the security indicator has the greatest impact on the social sustainability of that context and in the new context, the participation indicator has the greatest impact on the social sustainability of that context. Therefore, in order to achieve social sustainability of the two studied context, the two indicators of security and participation have an important place.  }, keywords = {residential environment,Social stability,Old Context,New Context,Sabzevar city}, title_fa = {تحلیل مقایسه‌ای پایداری اجتماعی در بافت‌های مسکونی قدیم و جدید شهرها مطالعه موردی: بافت قدیم و جدید شهر سبزوار}, abstract_fa = {پایداری اجتماعی امروزه به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین بعد توسعه پایدار، جایگاه مهمی در برنامه‌ریزی‌های شهری و به‌خصوص برنامه‌ریزی مسکن دارد و پیوسته با افزایش مشکلات زیست‌محیطی و مشکلات مسکن، بر اهمیت آن در برنامه‌ریزی‌های شهری و مسکن افزوده می‌شود. در پی چنین ضرورتی تحقیق حاضر  باهدف بررسی شاخص‌های پایداری اجتماعی محیط مسکونی در دو بافت قدیم و جدید شهر سبزوار انجام‌شده است. پژوهش از نوع توسعه‌ای - کاربردی و روش تحقیق توصیفی -  تحلیلی می‌باشد. اطلاعات موردنیاز به دو روش کتابخانه‌ای و پیمایشی گردآوری‌شده و برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون تی تست تک نمونه، پیرسون، کای اسکوئر، مقایسه میانگین‌ها و رگرسیون چند متغیره استفاده‌شده است. حجم نمونه برای دو بافت 750 پرسشنامه بوده که برای بافت قدیم 374 و بافت جدید 376 پرسشنامه تکمیل‌شده است. مقدار آلفا برای کل شاخص‌ها برابر 74/0 به‌دست‌آمده است.  نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که هیچ‌یک از بافت‌های مسکونی به‌طور کامل از شاخص‌های پایداری اجتماعی برخوردار نمی‌باشند. شاخص‌های تعلق مکانی و هویت در بافت مرکزی مطلوب‌تر از  بافت جدید بوده، سلامت شهروندی و نشاط در بافت جدید مطلوب‌تر بوده است و درمجموع میانگین نمره پایداری اجتماعی در بافت جدید بیشتر از بافت قدیم می‌باشد. }, keywords_fa = {محیط مسکونی,پایداری اجتماعی,بافت قدیم,بافت جدید,شهر سبزوار}, url = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_139158.html}, eprint = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_139158_4994a116c2755fe42feb1b5ebf472118.pdf} } @article { author = {Dolatshah, Sedigheh and Sarvar, Rahim and Tavaklan, Ali}, title = {Assessment of Urban Liveability in Iranian Oil Cities Case Study: Bandar Mahshahr}, journal = {Sustainable city}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {69-80}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Iranian Geography and Urban Planning Association}, issn = {2476-6631}, eissn = {2476-6151}, doi = {10.22034/jsc.2021.250463.1322}, abstract = {Extended Abstract Introduction Liveability is a subset of sustainability that directly affects the physical, socio-economic, and psychological dimensions of people's lives. This concept includes a set of environmental features that make it a desirable, convenient, and attractive place for all people to live, work and visit. However, the concept of liveability is a forgotten aspect of Iran's urban planning system; because of problems such as the consequences of population growth and migration, the diversity of migrant groups, the mismatch of urban infrastructure with the volume of the urban population, the polarization of urban contexts into traditional and modern has overshadowed the lack of attention to social justice in the decisions of city managers, the imbalance in the fair distribution of services at the neighbourhood level and the rate of liveability and consequently the quality of life in Iranian cities. In this regard, Bandar Mahshahr has been in a similar situation as other cities in Iran. Because, according to Harvey, the dual spatial structure (as one of the important factors in the distribution of facilities and resources) of this city indicates injustice in facilities, and quality of urban life. On the other hand, its oil function has increased the existing inequalities in the city and has doubled the urban ecology. Due to attracting immigrants through oil and petrochemical-related industries, centralized urban management, duality in urban texture and structure, unbalanced distribution of services and urban infrastructure, this city is placed in a special position in terms of providing liveability indicators.   Methodology The research method is descriptive-analytical using documentary studies and questionnaire data. Data collection was done by library and field methods through a questionnaire. The collection was a regular questionnaire with a LIKERT scale. According to the time, facilities and possibilities of the research, the cluster sampling method and finally, the simple random method have been used. Cochran's formula has also been exerted to estimate the sample size. Based on this, the number of samples studied in the whole city of Mahshahr, taking into account 0.05 errors, is 383 cases. Considering the population of each neighbourhood, out of 36 neighbourhoods, 32 ones have a population, and a questionnaire has been distributed among these 32 neighbourhoods. According to this, the number of samples in each neighbourhood is proportional to the share of the population of each one. The questionnaires of this research were distributed among 386 citizens of Bandar Mahshahr neighbourhoods to measure the liveability variables.  Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and stepwise multiple regression were used to examine the relationship between variables in neighbourhoods. ArcGIS107.1 software has been exploited for spatial analysis of this information in Bandar Mahshahr neighbourhoods.   Results and discussion The reliability of the research questionnaire is based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.83, which indicates the suitability of this tool. The validity of the questionnaire was 0.79. Therefore, the present questionnaire has the necessary validity in measuring the dimensions and variables of the research. As shown in table (4), in three steps, the dimensions of liveability (leisure and recreation infrastructure, employment and economy, security, facilities and services, environment, housing characteristics, transportation facilities, health household characteristics, governance and civic characteristics, facilities and equipment) have been able to predict housing efficiency.  Based on what is presented in table (5), during the first step, only leisure and recreation infrastructure, employment and economy, security, facilities and services, environment with standard beta coefficient of 0.446, 20% of quality variance explained life in the city of Mahshahr. In the second step, the characteristics of housing, transportation facilities, health and hygiene with a standard beta coefficient of 0.2, to the infrastructure of leisure and recreation, employment and economy, security, facilities and services, environment (with standard beta coefficient 0.446) has been added and the ability to explain the quality of life has been increased to 0.23%, of which 0.036% has been exclusively and added related to housing, transportation facilities, health and hygiene. In the third step, household characteristics, governance and civil characteristics, facilities and equipment with a standard beta coefficient of 0.134, have been added to the mentioned dimensions and the ability to explain efficiency has been increased to 0.25%, of which 0.016 percent was exclusively and additionally related to household characteristics, governance and civil characteristics, facilities and equipment. It should be noted that none of the biodegradability dimensions have been excluded from the analysis.   Conclusion The results show that neighbourhoods No. 12 (phase 4), 2, 1 (new Mahshahr) and 14 (phase 3) have the highest level of liveability, while neighbourhoods No. 32 (phase 7), 17 (old Mahshahr), 3 (Nopag), and 24 (Taleghani town) have the lowest liveability. The more liveable areas correspond mainly to the new Mahshahr (corporate neighbourhoods) and the less liveable ones to the old Mahshahr (old neighbourhoods) and the migrant working-class suburbs. On the other hand, the southwest and south neighbourhoods are more liveable and the east ones of the city are less liveable.}, keywords = {oil cities,Urban Ecology Dual-Degree,Liveability,Bandar Mahshahr}, title_fa = {ارزیابی زیست‌پذیری شهری در شهرهای نفتی ایران مطالعه موردی: بندر ماهشهر}, abstract_fa = {شهر نفتی ماهشهر همچون سایر همتایان خود با نابرابری فضایی در برخورداری از امکانات، خدمات و کیفیت مطلوب شهری مواجه است. در حقیقت نقش نفتی و صنعتی این شهر بر اکولوژی اجتماعی دوگانه شهری، ساختاریابی، سلسله‌مراتب شغلی-طبقاتی، و طراحی و توسعه فیزیکی شهری مؤثر بوده ­است. در این راستا، ارزیابی شاخص­های زیست‌پذیری در سطح محلات بندر ماهشهر به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین بندرها نفتی ایران، می‌تواند بیانگر تأثیرگذاری نقش و کارکرد شهر در ایجاد فضاهای نابرابر بوده و راهبردهایی جهت افزایش شاخص­های زیست­پذیری و کیفیت زندگی شهروندان را به‌ همراه­­ داشته باشد. هدف این مطالعه ارزیابی زیست‌پذیری شهری در 32 محله مسکونی بندر ماهشهر است. در گام بعد، تحلیل اثرات شاخص‌های زیست­پذیری در تعیین میزان کیفیت زندگی شهری موردنظر است. برای این منظور از ابزار پرسشنامه به­ همراه اطلاعات جمعیتی سازمان آمار استفاده‌شده است. این پژوهش با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام‌شده ­است. برای سنجش تفاوت حق به شهر در محله­ها و سطح­بندی محلات، نواحی، و مناطق از آزمون­های آنالیز ­واریانس، تحلیل رگرسیون و تحلیل ‌مکانی استفاده‌شده ­است. یافته­ها نشان داده ­است که محله­های موردمطالعه با نابرابری فضایی دوگانه‌ای در‌ رضایت شهروندان در ابعاد مختلف زیست­پذیری و متعاقباکیفیت زندگی مواجه بوده است. مطابق نتایج آنالیز واریانس میانگین زیست­پذیری در محلات شهر ماهشهر در سطح معناداری 95/0 درصد یکسان نبوده و محلات مختلف از میزان متفاوت زیست‌پذیری برخوردارند. مناطق زیست­پذیرتر عمدتاً بر ماهشهر جدید و محلات کمتر زیست­پذیر بر ماهشهر قدیم و حومه­های مهاجرپذیر کارگری منطبق­اند. همچنین مطابق نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون زیست­پذیری و ابعاد دوازده­گانه­ی در سطح معناداری 95 درصد بر کیفیت زندگی در شهر ماهشهر مؤثر است. به‌نحوی‌که طی سه‌گام، ابعاد زیست­پذیری (زیرساخت­های اوقات فراغت و تفریحی، اشتغال و اقتصاد، امنیت، امکانات و خدمات، محیط‌زیست+ویژگی­های مسکن، امکانات حمل‌ونقل، سلامت و بهداشت+ویژگی‌های خانوار، حکمروایی و ویژگی­های مدنی، تأسیسات و تجهیزات) قادر به پیش­بینی کارایی کیفیت زندگی شهروندان بوده ­اند.}, keywords_fa = {شهرهای نفتی,اکولوژی دوگانه شهری,زیست‌پذیری,بندر ماهشهر}, url = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_139153.html}, eprint = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_139153_26130ef79971be9ca11266d102cd8713.pdf} } @article { author = {Shomali, Marzieh and Haji Alizadeh, Javad and Hamidzadeh Khyavi, Soheila and Nazmfar, Hossein}, title = {Spatial Analysis of the Liveability Pattern of Tabriz Metropolis}, journal = {Sustainable city}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {81-98}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Iranian Geography and Urban Planning Association}, issn = {2476-6631}, eissn = {2476-6151}, doi = {10.22034/jsc.2021.260866.1374}, abstract = {Extended Abstract Introduction Liveability with a set of practical measures and interventions improves the current state of urban construction and texture and provides the basis for quantitative and qualitative improvements and can give new life to the texture locally and make desirable socio-economic, environmental and physical structure for life. This approach also addresses broader issues such as competitive economics and quality of life, especially for those living in slums. Considering the factors presented in the field of liveability, this concept overlaps with approaches such as quality of life, smart growth and neo-urbanism, because all of them have been developed as critical responses to undesirable urban policies and negative side effects of urban growth and have aspects in common with liveability.  Therefore, recognizing the importance of the liveability approach in redesigning the space and evaluating the environmental quality of space construction in neighborhoods and urban areas will be undeniable and will require effective effort and management in line with this new approach in cities. The available evidence shows that the construction of Tabriz city, despite the rotation of development model policies in the last decade, has changed its image of stability and its biological system has fluctuated in terms of the function of vital components. In this study, while evaluating the livability model of Tabriz metropolis based on operational indicators, the following question will be considered: What is the appropriateness and compatibility of the liveability pattern of Tabriz metropolis with the goals of sustainable development?   Methodology The present study is in the category of applied research that has been done with analytical method and quantitative approach. In order to analyze the pattern of livability in the regions of Tabriz, first, study indicators have been investigated based on statistics and documentary information, including census sources, plans and upstream documents, such as detailed plan studies, municipal operational projects at the regional level in the years 2008 to 2019. After extracting the studied indicators, according to Table 2, the indicators were implemented and quantified based on the objectives of the research. In order to model the Liveability pattern and arrangement of space models as a single set with the correct map of spatial metrics of Tabriz city based on data related to the spatial structure of the city, their accuracy was measured.   Results and Discussion Validation results of processing the values ​​of selected indicators in sample metrics with specified areas and the degree of correlation with the living situation in each spatial metric in proportion to zones with different areas, based on visual interpretations and the degree of correlation, 5.41 hectares (LPI) can be selected as zones with an optimal level for calculating metrics and dividing regions into these zones. According to the results of PCA analysis, the index of density and distribution of land uses is the output of the analysis of 57.87% of the variance of the distribution of 4 metric data used. The index of density and distribution of land uses and the number of projects implemented by domain include the highest variance of data. Based on these results, the final model of the livability pattern was calculated, formed and displayed by combining the eigenvalues ​​of all instrumental variables, the values ​​of the factor load of the metrics as coefficients for the 10 regions of city. According to the results with the components of the Liveability model, in all 2010 metrics, 374 zones were created considering the histogram and the distribution range of the Liveability index, which was zero to 1, in 10 classes with low (0.1) to high (1) Liveability was determined and the class map was prepared in an integrated manner.   Conclusion According to the analysis, the final liveability index of Tabriz metropolis is higher than the average. Considering the results, the most liveable area was region 5 of Tabriz metropolitan with a value of 0.9146. In LPI metric, 11 optimal metrics with 10.78 hectares of the total area were recognized liveable. After region 5, region 2 with a value of 0.7445 was identified as the second liveable region. In LPI metric, 17 optimal metrics with ​​16.67 hectares of the total area are liveable. Region 10 with a value of 0.6690 in NP metric and 68 metrics with ​​66.67 hectares out of a total of 1092 hectares were identified as liveable. In LPI metric, region 6 with 21 optimal metrics and 20.59 area of ​​total urban land uses of 8367 hectares was determined in the fourth level of viability. In Division Metric, region 1 with 31 optimal metrics and ​​30.39 hectares out of a total of ​​1659 hectares, were found liveable. In the Division Metric, region 9 was identified as liveable area with 39 metrics and ​​38.24 hectares out of a total of ​​746.7 hectares. Region 4 was recognized as liveable area in PD metric with 38 optimal metrics and ​​37.25 hectares out of a total of 2557 hectares. Region 3 was identified ​​ as liveable area in NP metric with 44 metrics and ​​43.14 hectares out of a total of 2801 hectares. In Division Metric, region 7 was distinguished as liveable area with 49 metrics and 48.04 hectares out of a total area of ​​3038 hectares. In the final level of Liveability, region 8 in PD metric with 56 metrics and ​​54.90 hectares out of a total of 357.9 hectares. The results show that there is a high relationship between the rate of liveability index and the type of metric and in LPI metric, this rate is higher.}, keywords = {Liveability,Sustainability,Spatial scale,Development pattern,Tabriz Metropolis}, title_fa = {تحلیل فضایی الگوی زیست پذیری کلان‌شهر تبریز}, abstract_fa = {در این پژوهش با کاربست متریک‌های فضایی به‌عنوان مقیاس جدید برنامه‌ریزی، وضعیت زیست پذیری کلان‌شهر تبریز بررسی خواهد شد. این پژوهش ازنظر هدف کاربردی و ازنظر روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است. به‌منظور تحلیل الگوی زیست پذیری مناطق 10 گانه شهر تبریز شاخص‌های عملیاتی مستخرج از مبانی نظری در بازة 1387 الی 1397 تحلیل شدند. در بخش نخست برای بررسی الگوی زیست پذیری و آرایش فضایی شاخص‌ها، با تلفیق بیش از ۱۵ متغیر ابزاری به‌عنوان واحد پایه تحلیل و تعیین همبستگی فضایی آن‌ها، پهنه‌های 41/5 هکتاری (LPI) به‌عنوان سطح بهینه برای هر منطقه شهری در نظر گرفته شدند. در فرآیند پژوهش جهت تلفیق و تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها و واقعیت‌های موجود از نرم‌افزارهای Google Earth، Excel، Fragstats 4.2.1، Eviews و Arc GIS استفاده شد. مطابق نتایج تحلیل PCA بر روی مقادیر استانداردشده متریک‌ها، شاخص تراکم و پراکنش کاربری‌ها خروجی تحلیل87/57 درصد از واریانس پراکنش داده‌های 4 متریک مورداستفاده را شامل و در تمام 1390 متریک مورد تحلیل، 374 پهنه با توجه به هیستوگرام و دامنه پراکنش شاخص زیست پذیری که 1/0 تا 1 بوده است در 10 کلاس با دامنه زیست پذیری کم تا زیاد تعیین و نقشه طبقات به‌صورت یکپارچه تهیه شد. مطابق با تحلیل‌های انجام‌گرفته شاخص نهایی زیست پذیری کلان‌شهر تبریز بالاتر از میانگین متوسط است. بر این مبنا، منطقه ۵ کلان‌شهر تبریز با شاخص 9146/0 در متریک LPI مساحت 78/10 هکتار از کل مساحت منطقه و منطقه ۸ با شاخص 2419/0 در متریک PD و مساحت 90/54 هکتار بالاترین و پایین‌ترین مناطق زیست پذیر بوده‌اند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که بین شاخص زیست پذیری با نوع متریک همبستگی بالایی وجود دارد و در متریک LPI میزان دقت الگو بالاتر است.}, keywords_fa = {زیست پذیری,پایداری,مقیاس فضایی,الگوی توسعه,کلان‌شهر تبریز}, url = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_139154.html}, eprint = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_139154_8c1b51a04ddf84d12159c14c3a445c8d.pdf} } @article { author = {Amini, Shadi and Ahmad zadeh, Hasan and Houshyar, Hasan and Valizadeh, Reza}, title = {Identifying the Future Components of Urban Livability with a Future Studies Approach Case Study: Mahabad city}, journal = {Sustainable city}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {99-113}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Iranian Geography and Urban Planning Association}, issn = {2476-6631}, eissn = {2476-6151}, doi = {10.22034/jsc.2021.263604.1383}, abstract = {Extended AbstractIntroductionLivability is one of the recent topics and theories in urban planning which similar to other new theories such as the mighty city, creative city, sustainable city, resilient city, leads us to a more desirable city for sustainable urban life and development. In this regard, in order to have a sustainable living environment, the quality dimension of development must be considered to improve the quality of life. However, the significant issue in this regard, which has challenged existing programs and policies and labeled it inefficient, is a cross-sectional view of the issue. Over the past few decades, linear programming has been the dominant approach, so that the future was conceivable by discovering the causal relationship between the variables.  At this point in time, due to the uncertainty and the emergence of many actors in the field of planning and policy-making, such accurate predictions are no longer possible. Because with the emergence of actors and stakeholders, we have to wait for different futures that have different possibilities. To solve this problem and careful planning, policymakers and planners have unveiled a new approach called foresight. Mahabad city that is located in West Azerbaijan province is one of the medium-sized and densely populated cities that due to the intensity of migration from rural areas similar to most cities in the country, is facing issues such as illegal construction, uneven physical growth, intensifying the phenomenon of informal settlement and worn-out structures, the existence of various environmental pollutants and etc. Separation of urban classes and unfair distribution of urban services and lack of strategic planning will turn Mahabad into a city in the not too distant future whose indicators and components of livability will be difficult.The purpose of the present study is to answer the question as follow: -What are the most important driving forces for the future development of livability indicators in Mahabad city? MethodologyDue to the nature of the present research and the perspective that has been considered for planning, the type of present research is applied in terms of purpose and also in terms of the nature of data, is among the qualitative research. The research method is based on a foresight approach. The present study is a part of documentary-survey research according to the method of data collection and information. In this research, based on the Delphi method, 24 specialists and executive officials of Mahabad city were identified and questionnaires were provided to them in two stages, and then their opinions on the research components in the Micmac software program were examined in order to determine the situation of effectiveness, impressionability and centrality of factors. Results and discussionStructural analysis method and Micmac software have been used to weigh and identify the most important effective driving forces of urban livability. The results of the study showed that due to the high score of direct and indirect impact among 40 variables, 10 key driving forces including the quality of the road network, sufficient lighting in the roads, access to public transportation and parking, the level of user adaptation, access to sidewalks and bicycle paths, the ratio of construction of sidewalks to the total area, sufficient income for households, the amount of investment Government facilities, adequate access to urban facilities (Internet, electricity, gas, etc.) and the level of air pollution will affect the future of Mahabad. According to the results, the ten driving forces in the effectiveness column had the largest share in direct effectiveness, of which eight variables in indirect effectiveness were repeated with slight shifts, and only the "sufficient income for households" variables ranged from 7th to 12th and variable. And the "air pollution rate" variable has been moved from 10 to 14. In impressionability, 9 of the 10 propellants in the direct impressionability column are the same propellants that have been replicated with changes in rankings in indirect impressionability. In addition, the "Quality of access to leisure and recreational uses" variable has been reduced from 10th to 11th and the "Visual quality of the street" variable has been moved from 11th to 10th. ConclusionThe results showed that the key and important driving forces for the development of livability in Mahabad city, which are the same effectiveness variables with direct effectiveness. Therefore, according to the identified driving forces and considering the five effective dimensions in the future development of Mahabad livability, the following suggestions can be provided:1- Socio-cultural dimension: forming people's associations for more people's participation and interactions between them, controlling the population growth of the city and controlling irregular migrations to Mahabad city in order to reduce air pollution and build new cities and towns and attract population overflows., increasing the per capita educational and cultural land uses in the neighborhoods of the city in order to reduce the daily traffic of students;2- Economic dimension: investing in the private and public sectors to create jobs, organizing local markets, especially stock market and commercial centers to prevent traffic, pollution and congestion;3- Physical-spatial dimension: organizing the network of passages and developing sidewalks and bicycle paths, fair distribution of centralized land uses in the city center and injecting the required service land uses into informal settlements and worn-out structures;4- Environmental dimension: expansion and creation of green belt space around and inside of Mahabad city to soften the city's air and prevent environmental degradation, encourage and spread popular culture to use public vehicles instead of private ones to reduce vehicle traffic and air pollution;5- Health-security dimension: development of street lighting system to increase the safety of pedestrians, design of optimal housing model compatible with the climate of Mahabad city in order to reduce the need to use mechanical cooling devices, increase appropriate health centers in the city, set up training classes in the field of premarital counseling and holding ceremonies and celebrations at the regional level to increase the mental health of citizens.}, keywords = {Urban Liability,driving forces,Future Studies,Cross-Effect Analysis,Mahabad City}, title_fa = {شناسایی مؤلفه‌های آتی زیست پذیری شهری با رویکرد آینده‌پژوهی مطالعه موردی: شهر مهاباد}, abstract_fa = {هدف این پژوهش با شناسایی پیشران‌های مؤثر بر چشم‌انداز آتی زیست پذیری شهر مهاباد است. پژوهش حاضر بر حسب هدف کاربردی، از حیث روش پیمایشی در سطح اکتشافی و مبتنی بر رویکرد آینده‌پژوهی صورت گرفته است. با توجه به ماهیت این تحقیق، نخست با استفاده از روش گلوله برفی افتراقی تعداد 24 نفر از متخصصان و مسئولان اجرایی سازمان‌های دولتی مرتبط با امور زیست‌محیطی که بایستی در بحث مشارکت داشته باشند را شناسایی و انتخاب نموده و سپس از روش دلفی و مطالعات اسنادی برای تعیین پیشران‌های کلیدی استفاده گردید. همچنین از روش تحلیل ساختاری و نرم‌افزار Mic Mac جهت وزن دهی و شناسایی مهم‌ترین پیشران‌های اثرگذار بر زیست پذیری شهر بهره گرفته‌شده است. نتایج ناشی از تحقیق نشان داد که با توجه به امتیاز بالای تأثیرگذاری مستقیم و غیرمستقیم از میان 40 متغیر، 10 پیشران کلیدی از جمله؛ کیفیت شبکه معابر، برخورداری از روشنایی کافی در معابر، دسترسی به حمل‌ونقل عمومی و پارکینگ، میزان سازگاری کاربری‌ها، دسترسی به پیاده راه‌ها و مسیرهای دوچرخه‌سواری، نسبت ساخت معابر پیاده‌رو به وسعت کل، درآمد کافی برای خانوارها، میزان سرمایه‌گذاری‌های دولتی، دسترسی کافی به تأسیسات شهری (اینترنت، برق، گاز و..) و میزان آلودگی هوا در آینده زیست پذیری شهر مهاباد تأثیرگذارند. مطابق نتایج ده پیشران در ستون اثرگذاری بیشترین سهم را در اثرگذاری مستقیم داشته‌اند که از این تعداد 8 متغیر در اثرگذاری غیرمستقیم هم با جابجایی‌های اندکی مجدداً تکرار شده‌اند و فقط متغیرهای " درآمد کافی برای خانوارها" از رتبه 7 به رتبه 12 و متغیر » و متغیر" میزان آلودگی هوا " هم از رتبه 10 به 14 منتقل‌شده است. در اثرپذیری، 9 پیشران از 10 پیشرانی که در ستون اثرپذیری مستقیم وجود دارند همان پیشران‌هایی هستند که با تغییراتی در رتبه‌بندی‌ها در اثرپذیری غیرمستقیم هم تکرار شده‌اند. علاوه بر این متغیر " کیفیت دسترسی به کاربری‌های اوقات فراغت و تفریحی" از رتبه 10 به رتبه 11 کاهش‌یافته و متغیر "کیفیت بصری خیابان" از رتبه 11 به 10 منتقل‌شده است.}, keywords_fa = {زیست پذیری شهری,پیشران‌ها,آینده‌پژوهی,تحلیل اثرات متقاطع,شهر مهاباد}, url = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_139156.html}, eprint = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_139156_177b1859887da002d4dc9f434f58d845.pdf} } @article { author = {Nouri Akbarabadi, Vahideh and Mahdavi, Afsoon and Mohammad nia, Fateme}, title = {The Explanation of Place Attachment in Urban Green Spaces Green spaces of Rafsanjan}, journal = {Sustainable city}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {115-130}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Iranian Geography and Urban Planning Association}, issn = {2476-6631}, eissn = {2476-6151}, doi = {10.22034/jsc.2021.280204.1444}, abstract = {Extended Abstract Introduction Space, is an inseparable phenomenon of human life, it connects leaving worlds in terms of spatial and environmentally and it creates the Core meaning, destination and human behaviour. Space is the main part of the inhabitant's identity the space is not only a shelter for human activities but also its a phenomenon that human gives it meaning and get used to it by communication, in the way that he knows himself by it. One of the main issues that contemporary urban planning in Iran and especially Rafsanjan City have been faced with is just paying attention to pre-conceived plans and designs without noticing to city's spatial soul and character. On the other hand, this issue is completely changing to qualities and contextualism but in our country by considering that this urban designs have not dissected by knowing components of mentally and behavioural of people with their environment yet, so it is necessary that this kind of project getting done especially for contexts that are in the direct relation with people's social life. Rafsanjan's park are not only an important and social space for shaping social connections and social parts for inhabitants but also they are only space with this efficiency, so any design activity in this area should happen with special attention to important and meaningful compliment and environmental psychology. Therefore, the necessity of existing projects like the current project is clear for urban planning vision. So this project is about answering the question: Do place activities and components have an effect on place attachment?    Methodology This research's goal is practical and its method is descriptive- analytical. Collecting data for project was from two ways that are documentary library and field library and the main analysis is based on information that was collected by the questionnaire. The data collection tool was a researcher- made questionnaire, that was reviewed several times by Professors and experts for reliability evaluating.And for validity evaluation of questionnaire combine methods and Cronbach's alpha were used, that its result is in the reflected and indicates validity data part are accepted by collecting data tool. The statistical society of this research are citizens of Rafsanjan that are about 161909 people. Sample size was estimated 384 people by Cochran's formula and for being more sure 400 questionnaires were collected. In order to analyzing data and information structural equivalence modeling based on the metal of minimal details in software environment Smart-PLS get used.    Results and discussion According to the result the average of component of the link between human and place is 2.80 and in comparison with theoretical average (3) is low and due to the meaningful level although is Lower than 0.01 so we can generalize the results of statistical sample to statistical society because we are more than 99% sure about the result, So the gained average for this indicator is lower than average, so we can say that the situation of this indicator is lower than average limit.  Identity indicator has 2.50 average and although phantasm indicator has 2.77 average.  Because this average has gained from meaningful level, average difference is meaningful too.   According to the low level of the gained average from the average situation of these indicators this is not satisfying in our study area.  The gained average for safe and correct perception of space is 3.23 so that the gained average is a higher than the theoretical average that is 3 and this average difference has gained from meaningful level and we can generalize this gained result of statistical sample to statistical society because we are sure about the gained result more than 99%. Related to the main gain average for place attachment variable that is 2.84, this number is lower than theoretical average so this study area is not satisfying situation from place attachment vision. Also according to the obtained level of significant which is less than the value of the desired level of significant that is 0.05 so we can generalize the gained result to statistical society. Studying the affection of place activities on place attachment that the value of T is 13.762 is greater than 1.96 and it be considered that the place activities on place attachment has a significant effect.  Also the obtained path is equal to (β = 0.598), and obtained path coefficient is positive, this effect is directed.  Therefore, it can be said that place activities for place attachment has significant and positive affect and from all components the location capability has the greatest effect of place attachment.   Conclusion Place attachment is coming from activities and transaction between human and place, and also, between humans in a special place and it related to mutual emotions affect, knowledge, believes and behaviour with special place. The gained result of searching the study area in the place attachment and its indicators shows that among all the indicators for place attachment just the correct and safe perception data space indicator from Space is in the satisfying level and the other indicators of place attachments aren't in the satisfying level. The gained data from this research have a significant and positive impact on place attachment. According to the gained number which was 0/598 we can consider that this impact is in the average level. On the other side, it can be said that place activities can predict 35.7% of place attachment variance.  Studying the effect of components was shown that all the five components that are related to place activities have a significant and positive effect on place attachment.  Among all the identified components the capability of place component with path coefficient had the greatest effect after that visual beauty component with 0.268 path coefficient had the greatest effect.      }, keywords = {Place Attachment,Green Urban Spaces,Visual Beauty,Participation of Place,Rafsanjan city}, title_fa = {تبیین دل‌بستگی به مکان در فضاهای سبز شهری مطالعه مورد: فضاهای سبز شهر رفسنجان}, abstract_fa = {فضاهای سبز شهری به‌مثابه کانون‌های سبز و طبیعی‌اند که انسان امروز شاید برای گریز از محیط پرهیاهوی شهری به آن‌ها پناه می‌آورد. هرچند همین جذابیت‌ها در برخی موارد سبب شده که این فضاهای سبز ارزشمند، دچار تغییر و تحولات نامطلوبی بعضاً ناشی از ساخت‌وسازهای سرمایه گرایانه شوند. پژوهش حاضر باهدف تببین دل‌بستگی به مکان در فضاهای سبز شهری نوشته شد. این پژوهش ازنظر هدف کاربردی و ازنظر روش توصیفی-تحلیلی است. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها در این پژوهش پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود که به‌منظور بررسی پایایی چندین بار توسط اساتید و کارشناسان مورد بازبینی قرار گرفت و به‌منظور بررسی روایی پرسشنامه از روش ترکیبی و آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد که نتایج نشان‌دهنده روایی موردقبول ابزار گردآوری پژوهش است. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر را شهروندان ساکن شهر رفسنجان مشتمل بر 161909 نفر می‌باشد. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 384 نفر برآورد گردید که به‌منظور اطمینان بیشتر تعداد 400 پرسشنامه جمع‌آوری شد. به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها و اطلاعات از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری مبتنی بر روش حداقل مربعات جزئی در محیط نرم‌افزار pls استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که ازنظر دل‌بستگی به مکان محدوده موردمطالعه در وضعیت نامطلوبی قرار دارد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت‌های مکان تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر دل‌بستگی به مکان دارد، ضریب مسیر به‌دست‌آمده برابر با 598/0 بود. از دیگر نتایج این پژوهش آن بود که مؤلفه‌های فعالیت‌های مکان عملکرد مکان، حضور پذیری، زیبایی بصری، مشارکت‌پذیری مکان و قابلیت‌های مکان بر دل‌بستگی به مکان تأثیر مثبت و معناداری دارد از بین مؤلفه‌های استخراج‌شده قابلیت مکان با ضریب مسیر 406/0 دارای بیشترین تأثیر و شاخص مشارکت‌پذیری مکان با ضریب مسیر 111/0 دارای کمترین تأثیر بر دل‌بستگی به مکان در فضاهای سبز شهری بود.}, keywords_fa = {دل‌بستگی به مکان,فضای سبز شهری,زیبایی بصری,مشارکت‌پذیری مکان,شهر رفسنجان}, url = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_140335.html}, eprint = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_140335_1b72c109de18cac754d129e9d13cee22.pdf} }