@article { author = {Fasihi, Habibollah and parizadi, Taher and Karami, Tajoddin}, title = {Walkway’s Role in Vitality of Public Spaces Case Study: Shar-e Rey Shrine Walkway, Tehran}, journal = {Sustainable city}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {1-15}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Iranian Geography and Urban Planning Association}, issn = {2476-6631}, eissn = {2476-6151}, doi = {10.22034/jsc.2020.189423.1040}, abstract = {Public spaces as basic elements of cities, play an important role in citizen’s health and their quality of life. An essential component of public spaces is pathways that also include walkways. Vitality and dynamism are important elements in the qualitative evaluation of public spaces. The vitality itself reflects the activities that take place in space and the walkability of cities is a way that can improve urban vitality. So, implementation of walkway projects in cities can promote the activities that help cities to be more viable. The purpose of this evaluated-analytical research is to evaluate vitality of  shrine’s walkway located in Shar-e Rey, district No.20 of Tehran municipality. Data are collected from a sample of 375 pedestrians by using a questionnaire. 38 indicators representing vitality in 38 questions and 5 ranges, were evaluated by the sample people and in order to analyze, Friedman test and descriptive statistics methods were used via SPSS software. Finally, results indicate that vitality is in a moderate condition in the study area, generally. So that show 58.47% of the appropriate conditions of vitality. The most influential vitality indicators  in the walkway are more related to social-economic dimension than physical. "Diversity of people", "cultural events" and the variety of "activities" and "retail centers" have been the most influential indicators. At the same time, low vitality of space was more affected by physical indicators such as “car parking", "the capacity of space", "entering motorcycles", lack of "green space" and low level of “cleanliness" that should be taken into consideration.}, keywords = {Walkway,Vitality,Public space,Shar-e Rey}, title_fa = {بررسی نقش پیاده راه‌ها در سرزندگی فضاهای عمومی مطالعه موردی: پیاده راه حرم شهرری}, abstract_fa = {فضاهای عمومی مهم‌ترین بخش از ساختار شهرها هستند و نقش مهمی در سلامت و کیفیت زندگی شهروندان دارند. یک جزء اساسی از فضاهای عمومی، گذرگاه‌های شهری می‌باشند که پیاده راه‌ها نیز در زمره آن‌ها محسوب می‌گردند. سرزندگی و پویایی عنصری مهم در ارزیابی کیفی فضاهای عمومی است. سرزندگی خود بازتاب فعالیت‌هایی است که در فضا صورت می‌پذیرد و پیاده مدار ساختن شهرها طریقی است بر تسهیل و ترغیب فعالیت‌هایی که می‌توانند به ارتقاء سرزندگی در شهرها کمک کنند. هدف این تحقیق ارزیابی سرزندگی در پیاده راه حرم واقع در شهرری و منطقه 20 شهرداری تهران است. روش تحقیق ارزیابی – تحلیلی بوده داده‌های مورد تحلیل به روش پیمایشی از نمونه آماری متشکل از 375 نفر از عابران پیاده راه و با ابزار پرسشنامه گردآوری‌شده‌اند. 38 نمایانگر سرزندگی در قالب 38 گویه در 5 طیف، مورد ارزیابی نمونه آماری قرارگرفته و داده‌های حاصل‌شده در نرم‌افزار SPSS واردشده‌اند و در آن‌ها آزمون فریدمن و روش‌های آمار توصیفی اعمال گردیده است. یافته‌ها نشان دادند که به لحاظ کلی، سرزندگی در محدوده مطالعاتی در وضعیت متوسطی قرار دارد به‌طوری‌که 47/58 درصد از شرایط مطلوب سرزندگی در آن نمایان است. نمایانگرهای تأثیرگذارتر در سرزندگی در این پیاده راه بیشتر در بعد اجتماعی و اقتصادی قرار دارند تا بعد کالبدی. «تنوع مردمانی که حاضر می‌شوند»، «رویدادهای فرهنگی» و تنوع «فعالیت‌ها» و «مراکز خرده‌فروشی» تأثیرگذارترین نمایانگرها بوده‌اند. درعین‌حال، ضعف سرزندگی فضا بیشتر متأثر از نمایانگرهای کالبدی بوده است. «پارکینگ خودروها»، «گنجایش محدود» فضا، «مزاحمت ورود موتورسیکلت‌ها»، کمبود «فضای سبز» و پایین بودن «سطح نظافت» نمایانگرهایی هستند که وضعیت ضعیفی را نشان داده و بایستی موردتوجه قرار گیرند.}, keywords_fa = {پیاده راه,سرزندگی,فضای عمومی,شهرری}, url = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_103932.html}, eprint = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_103932_0ce6cc9c6eaf22800d17f8e705ce270d.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdollahi, Ali Asghar and khabazi, mostafa and dorani, zahra}, title = {Modeling and Predicting Land Use Changes in Lahijan City With a sustainable development approach}, journal = {Sustainable city}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {17-30}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Iranian Geography and Urban Planning Association}, issn = {2476-6631}, eissn = {2476-6151}, doi = {10.22034/jsc.2020.205453.1148}, abstract = {In recent years, the lands of Iranian cities, especially the outskirts lands of cities, have been transformed into built-up lands due to the urbanization process and citizens' need for housing. As many other Iranian cities, Lahijan has been significant changes and transformations in terms of land uses due to increase of construction. The purpose of this study is to model and predict land-use changes by using of land change modeler (LCM) and CA- Markov. The research methodology in terms of purpose is applied and from the aspect of nature and method is Descriptive-analytical research. In this regard, Landsat satellite images for the four time periods of 1989, 2000, 2010 and 2018 have been used. The Images were classified by the maximum probability method after preprocessing operations. Then, LCM and CA-MARKOV models in order to identify and predict land-use changes in Lahijan was used. The results indicate that the area of land-built from 1989 to 2018 has increased approximately 1250 hectares, also Forest lands and gardens declined about 2000 hectares during this period. Therefore, according to comparing the classifications and results of the LCM model, it was found that the most changes in this period are related to forests and gardens. Finally, land-use changes are predicted for 2030 with the Markov chain model. So, based on the results of the prediction of changes, it is probably that in 2030, forest land and gardens will be reduced about 760/5 hectares. On the other hand, 51/91, 693/09 and 13/5 hectares will be added to the built-up lands, paddy fields and waterfront zones, respectively. Thus, as a result, the studies show that the growth of areas in the study area has not been proportional and this has caused a widespread phenomenon in Lahijan.}, keywords = {land use changes,CA Markov model,sustainable development,Lahijan City}, title_fa = {مدل‌سازی و پیش‌بینی تغییرات کاربری اراضی شهر لاهیجان با رویکرد توسعه پایدار}, abstract_fa = {در سال‌های اخیر، اراضی از شهرهای ایران به‌خصوص اراضی حاشیه‌ای شهرها، تحت تأثیر روند شهرنشینی و نیاز شهروندان به مسکن، تغییر کاربری داده و به اراضی ساخته‌شده تبدیل گردیده است. هم‌چنین شهر لاهیجان نیز مانند بسیاری از شهرهای ایران به دلیل افزایش ساخت‌وساز، دچار تغییر و تحولات قابل‌توجهی در زمینه کاربری اراضی شده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر مدل‌سازی و پیش‌بینی تغییرات کاربری اراضی با استفاده از LCM و CA MARKOV می‌باشد، روش پژوهش، به لحاظ هدف از نوع کاربردی و به لحاظ ماهیت و روش از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی – تحلیلی می‌باشد. در این راستا از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست مربوط به چهار دوره زمانی 1368، 1379، 1389 و 1397 بهره گرفته‌شده است. تصاویر چهار دوره پس از عملیات پیش‌پردازش با استفاده از روش حداکثر احتمال طبقه‌بندی گردیدند. سپس با استفاده از مدل LCM و CA MARKOV به شناسایی و پیش‌بینی تغییرات کاربری اراضی شهر لاهیجان پرداخته‌شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که مساحت اراضی ساخته‌شده از سال 1368 تا 1397 نزدیک به 1250 هکتار افزایش‌یافته و اراضی جنگل و باغات در این دوره با کاهش حدوداً 2000 هکتاری روبه‌رو بوده است. بنابراین با توجه به مقایسه طبقه‌بندی‌ها و نتایج حاصل از مدل LCM مشخص می‌گردد، که بیشترین تغییرات در این دوره مربوط به جنگل و باغات می‌باشد. در پایان با به‌کارگیری مدل زنجیره مارکوف تغییرات کاربری اراضی را برای سال 1409 را پیش‌بینی‌شده است. ازاین‌رو با توجه به نتایج حاصل از پیش‌بینی تغییرات احتمال می‌رود که در سال 1409 میزان 5/760 هکتار از اراضی جنگل و باغات کاسته شده و 91/53 هکتار به اراضی ساخته‌شده، 09/693 هکتار به شالیزارها و 5/13 هکتار نیز به پهنه آبی افزوده خواهد شد. بنابراین بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد رشد مساحت‌ها در محدوده موردمطالعه متناسب و همسو نبوده؛ و این مسئله باعث ایجاد پدیده گستردگی در شهر لاهیجان گردیده است.}, keywords_fa = {تغییرات کاربری اراضی,مدل CA MARKOV,توسعه پایدار,شهر لاهیجان}, url = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_103935.html}, eprint = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_103935_4f484ac54b8cc1a4a17257f149d4a67d.pdf} } @article { author = {ahmadi, maryam and sarami, hosein and Ghayour, Hasanali and Hayrapetiyan, Vachik}, title = {Evaluation of the role of the city's structure in the realization of the development of Yazd's neighborhoods}, journal = {Sustainable city}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {31-45}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Iranian Geography and Urban Planning Association}, issn = {2476-6631}, eissn = {2476-6151}, doi = {10.22034/jsc.2020.195824.1077}, abstract = {New approaches have been developed in urban planning and urban planning to examine the child's perception of the city and its needs in the city. The main goal of these efforts is to create child-friendly cities that will create a safe space for living, and an innovative environment for nurturing children's creativity. Therefore, the city needs children to represent their rights, a city that can foster children's educational excellence and excellence and make children better tomorrow and socially healthy. The purpose of the present study was to classify and rank Yazd neighborhoods according to the criteria of a child-friendly city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study includes Yazd neighborhoods. Librarian-field method was used for data collection. In the present study, using the Delphi sampling method, a sample size of 20 experts and urban experts is considered; in fact, the Delphi method is a systematic one that relies on the votes of a panel of independent experts and a sample of Does not follow a certain formula. In order to rank and rank Yazd city neighborhoods, 10 indices have been evaluated. The spatial domain of this study is Yazd city and in terms of time domain data can be related to 2016. For the first analysis, the child-friendly city indexes were evaluated for importance using ANP model and then, using Vikor model, the neighborhoods of Yazd city were ranked. The results show that Yazd city is completely different in terms of child-friendly city indicators, with some neighborhoods at high levels and others at very low levels. According to the findings of the research, the Safaieh neighborhood is the most favored neighborhood and the Fahadan, Mehdi Abad, Sajjadieh, Amir Abad neighborhoods, the least slaughtered neighborhood, are ranked 7th.}, keywords = {structure,Child City,Development Realizability,neighborhoods,Yazd city}, title_fa = {ارزیابی نقش ساختار شهر کودک در تحقق‌ پذیری توسعه محلات مطالعه موردی: محلات شهر یزد}, abstract_fa = {در برنامه‌ریزی شهری و شهرسازی رویکردهای نوینی در زمینه بررسی ادراک کودک از شهر و شناخت نیازهای او در شهر شکل‌گرفته است. هدف عمده این تلاش‌ها ایجاد شهرهای دوستدار کودک می‌باشد که در کنار ایجاد فضایی امن برای زندگی، فضایی نوآورانه برای پرورش خلاقیت کودکان ایجاد گردد از همین روی، شهرها بیشتر برای بزرگ‌سالان ساخته ‌و پرداخته می‌شود. بنابراین شهر موردنیاز کودکان باید بازنمایی از حقوق آن‌ها باشد، شهری که بتواند تعالی تربیتی و منش کودک را زمینه‌سازی کند و کودکان را برای فردایی بهتر و سالم جامعه‌پذیر کند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر سطح‌بندی و رتبه‌بندی کردن محلات شهر یزد ازلحاظ معیارهای شهر دوستدار کودک است. این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و به لحاظ روش توصیفی – تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش محلات شهر یزد را شامل می‌شود. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از روش کتابخانه‌ای - میدانی بهره گرفته شد. در تحقیق حاضر با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری دلفی، حجم نمونه به تعداد 20 نفر از کارشناسان و متخصصین شهری در نظر گرفته‌شده است؛ درواقع روش دلفی، روشی نظام‌یافته است که بر آراء هیئتی از کارشناسان مستقل متکی می‌باشد و تعداد نمونه از فرمول خاصی پیروی نمی‌کند. به‌منظور رتبه‌بندی و سطح‌بندی محلات شهر یزد 10 شاخص مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفته شده است. قلمرو مکانی این تحقیق، شهر یزد و ازنظر قلمرو زمانی تهیه داده‌ها را می‌توان مربوط به سال 1395 دانست. برای تحلیل ابتدا شاخص‌های شهر دوستدار کودک را ازلحاظ اهمیت با استفاده از مدل ANP ارزش‌گذاری کرده و سپس با استفاده از مدل Vikor اقدام به سطح‌بندی محلات شهر یزد شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد شهر یزد ازلحاظ شاخص‌های شهر دوستدار کودک کاملاً متفاوت بوده، به‌طوری‌که برخی محلات در سطح بالای برخورداری و برخی دیگر در سطح خیلی پایین قرارگرفته‌اند. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می­دهد که محله صفائیه برخوردارترین محله و در رتبه اول این شهر قرارگرفته است و محلات فهادان، مهدی‌آباد، سجادیه، امیرآباد، کشتارگاه کم برخوردارترین محلات و در رتبه 7 سطح‌بندی قرارگرفته‌اند.}, keywords_fa = {ساختار,شهر کودک,تحقق‌ پذیری توسعه,محلات,شهر یزد}, url = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_103934.html}, eprint = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_103934_f59a70c413d200bfe748f8b1a2f050ff.pdf} } @article { author = {shaterian, Mohsen and kiani salmi, sedigheh and Biglari, Masoumeh}, title = {Explanation of Health Function Factor in Development of Mountain Walkability as a Recreational Approach Case Study: Ilam City}, journal = {Sustainable city}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {47-64}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Iranian Geography and Urban Planning Association}, issn = {2476-6631}, eissn = {2476-6151}, doi = {10.22034/jsc.2020.189665.1042}, abstract = {  Highland hiking trails have attracted a lot of attention as a popular recreational activity that enables visitors to interact with nature. The natural location of Ilam city and its proximity to the mountains and the beautiful valleys around it have led to make the hiking in highland paths of Ismail Khan Castle and Arghavan Gorge. Since health goal has been considered as one of the most important functions in walking paths, the present study has been explaining the function of health factor in expanding mountain walkability as a recreational approach. This study in terms of its purpose is applied research and based on its nature and method is descriptive-analytical research. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 77 general and specialized questions. The validity of the research instrument was estimated by experts and its reliability was calculated by using of Cronbach's alpha coefficient at the rate of 0.846 has been approved. SPSS and AMOS software were used to do descriptive and statistical analysis, such as T single sample and structural equation modeling respectively. Required maps were also prepared by using of ARCGIS software. The results of structural equation modeling indicate that the main reason for the presence of people in mountainous trails was consideration of physical and mental health. A meaningful level of less than 0.05 in all cases examined confirms this. physical health with 0/33 factor load had a greater role than mental health with 0/20 on the desire of tourists to be further present. There was a significant correlation between the two dimensions with 0/44 regression weight at 95% confidence level. Naturally, this emphasizes on the necessity and responsibility of urban planners to create places that are more walkable.}, keywords = {Health,Walkability,Modeling,Public Sport,Ilam City}, title_fa = {تبیین کارکرد عامل سلامت در گسترش پیاده مداری کوهستانی به‌ عنوان رویکردی تفرجی مطالعه موردی: شهر ایلام}, abstract_fa = {مسیرهای پیاده‌روی در مناطق کوهستانی به‌عنوان یک فعالیت تفرجی پرطرفدار که امکان ارتباط متقابل با طبیعت را برای بازدیدکنندگان مناطق طبیعی فراهم می‌کند توجه زیادی به خود جلب کرده است. موقعیت طبیعی شهر ایلام و نزدیکی آن به کوهستان و دره‌های زیبای اطراف، سبب راه‌اندازی پیاده‌روی در مسیرهای کوهستانی قلعه اسماعیل‌خان و تنگه ارغوان شده است. ازآنجاکه هدف سلامت، به‌عنوان یکی از کارکردهای مهم در مسیرهای پیاده‌روی موردتوجه بوده، تحقیق حاضر به تبیین کارکرد عامل سلامت در گسترش پیاده مداری کوهستانی به‌عنوان رویکردی تفرجی پرداخته است. پژوهش ازلحاظ هدف کاربردی و بر اساس ماهیت و روش، تحقیقی توصیفی - تحلیلی می‌باشد.. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه محقق ساخته با 77 سؤال عمومی و تخصصی است. روایی ابزار پژوهش با استفاده ازنظر کارشناسان و متخصصان و پایایی آن با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ به میزان 846/0 مورد تأیید قرارگرفته است. برای انجام تحلیل‌های توصیفی و آماری نظیر تی تک نمونه‌ای از نرم‌افزار SPSS و برای مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری از نرم‌افزار AMOS استفاده‌شده است. تهیه نقشه‌های موردنیاز نیز با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ARCGIS انجام‌شده است. نتایج حاصل از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری بیانگر آن است عمده‌ترین دلیل حضور افراد در مسیرهای پیاده‌روی کوهستانی توجه به‌سلامتی جسمی و روحی بوده است. بار عاملی 33/0 برای عامل سلامت جسمی نقش بیشتری نسبت به‌سلامت روحی با بار عاملی 30/0 بر تمایل به حضور مجدد گردشگران داشته است. همچنین همبستگی معناداری بین دو بعد یادشده با وزن رگرسیونی 44/0 در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد مشاهده گردیده است. طبیعتاً این امر بر ضرورت و مسؤولیت برنامه ریزان شهری در خلق مکان‌هایی که دارای قابلیت پیاده‌روی بیشتری باشند را مورد تأکید قرار می‌دهد.  }, keywords_fa = {سلامت,پیاده مداری,مدل‌سازی,ورزش همگانی,شهر ایلام}, url = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_103933.html}, eprint = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_103933_0246b64ce3ba481cc60978cf31bc84a0.pdf} } @article { author = {Moazeni, Kimia and Rafieian, Mojtaba and Izadi, Mohammad Saeid}, title = {Valuation of Indices and Components of Sustainable Urban Regeneration of the River Valleys of Tehran City (Case Study: Darakeh River Valley)}, journal = {Sustainable city}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {65-82}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Iranian Geography and Urban Planning Association}, issn = {2476-6631}, eissn = {2476-6151}, doi = {10.22034/jsc.2020.200426.1115}, abstract = {Introduction Urban river-valleys focus attention on city's spaces that have potential, capability and sensitivity and these particular areas in the current settlement system should not become to places that stimulate poverty and the counter-development flow. Tehran river-valleys, as sensitive zones with ecological, environmental, tourism, and urban landscapes, must be protected on the one hand, and on the other hand, the capacity of urban streams should be protected along the path of Tehran city development considered as the driving force behind developmental trends. In order to improve and rebuild these zones, interventions have been carried out in different stages. Quality of life in the valleys has been declined over time however there are various plans for it in Tehran. Urban river-valleys have been plagued by high human interference and physical, biological and human heterogeneity so that sustainable regeneration due to its multidimensional content and appropriate attention to decision making and management aspects is more appropriate and can provide better solutions to improve natural conditions with a spatial structure in mind. Sub-themes such as livelihood, spatial identity, attention to poverty and economic condition, urban governance, and citizen participation were a set of factors that improve the quality of Tehran's urban highways (sample studies of the river) and thus enhance the quality of life in Tehran and in order to establish a link between the concept of urban sustainable regeneration and river knowledge, the final model was measured. Therefore, in order to link environmental values ​​with city and river protection, the present study seeks to answer the question of how is the model of development and integrated comprehensive protection of Tehran’s urban river-valleys with emphasis on theoretical framework of sustainable regeneration? The goal of sustainable regeneration of urban river-valleys with integrated approach and protection is to link environmental values with urban development, improve quality of urban life, regulate human-nature relationship, preserve and revitalize river-valleys to create sustainable living, diversify resorts and prevent natural crises such as floods. Therefore, the overall objective of the research is to create a conceptual model of urban sustainable regeneration of Tehran’s urban river-valleys with a focus on Drakeh River-valley and then determine the effect of each of the components and indicators on the mentioned model.  Methodology The research method is to propose a sustainable regeneration initial model of Darakeh river-valley based on the theoretical framework with an integrated comprehensive development and protection approach then SEM and the second root estimation of the approximate error variance were used in order to analyze the quantitative data, evaluate the components and indicators and select the best model, respectively. The main purpose of applying SEM technique in this research is to use methods and parameters that can test, validate or refute the conceptual model of theoretical framework of the research. The main application of this technique is in multivariate themes, which considering each independent variable with multiple dependent ones. Researchers tend to use SEM because of the following reasons: a) estimation of multiple relationships, b) ability to measure latent variables (concepts not seen), c) calculation of measurement error D) ability to investigate the effect of co-linearity; e) Test of false and unrealistic relationships.  Results and discussion The findings of the study are: 1) Proposing a sustainable regeneration model of Darakeh river-valley with a comprehensive development and protection approach 2) Quantitative evaluation of model components and indicators 3) Determining the interaction between hidden variables and explicit ones of model 4) Relationship between explicit component variables Together 5) Verify the basic conceptual model. The result of this study is that besides innovating the proposed sustainable regeneration of urban river-valleys of Tehran (SRURVT) model with emphasis on Darakeh river-valley, quantitative evaluation of components and indicators have been done in proposed model. Components and their importance were quantified, and the importance of the indicators were determined for each component, while the interaction of the components metrics with the quantities was shown in the conceptual model presented in Initially, weights of environmental, economic, socio-cultural, physical and managerial components and related indicators were considered equal. Via SEM, the relationship between hidden and explicit variables in the initial conceptual model was modified and finally the modified model quantified the value and weight of the components (independent latent variables). So that in terms of sustainable regeneration in the river-valley, the importance of components was determined as following, environmental indicators with factor 1, socio-cultural with 0/85, physical with coefficient of 0/81, economic factor with 0/79 and finally management factor with 0/71, respectively.  Conclusion These quantities indicate the priority of actions and weight of each component which ultimately provides a model for Darakeh river-valley that can provide a basis for starting applied research on sustainable regeneration of other river-valleys of Tehran.}, keywords = {Sustainable regeneration,River-valley,Integrated comprehensive approach to development and protection,SEM}, title_fa = {ارزش‌گذاری مؤلفه‌ها و شاخص‌های بازآفرینی پایدار رود دره‌های شهری تهران مطالعه موردی : رود دره درکه}, abstract_fa = {رود دره‌های شهری توجه ما را معطوف به فضاهایی از شهر می‌نمایند که نواحی دارای پتانسیل، قابلیت و حساسیت‌های ویژه‌ای هستند و این پهنه‌های خاص در نظام سکونت فعلی نباید به‌جای اینکه محرک توسعه باشند، به مکان‌هایی برای بازتولید فقر و در عمل به جریان ضد توسعه تبدیل شوند، لذا در جهت پیوند ارزش‌های محیطی با شهر و حفاظت رود دره‌ها، پژوهش حاضر به دنبال پاسخ این پرسش است که در چارچوب نظری بازآفرینی پایدار و به کمک چه مدلی می‌توان به توسعه و حفاظت جامع یکپارچه رود دره‌های شهری تهران دست‌یافت؟ هدف کلی پژوهش ایجاد مدل مفهومی بازآفرینی پایدار رود دره‌های شهری تهران و سپس تعیین میزان اثرگذاری هر یک از مؤلفه‌ها و شاخص‌ها در مدل مذکور می‌باشد. روش تحقیق، پیشنهاد مدل اولیه بازآفرینی پایدار رود دره درکه برگرفته از چارچوب نظری و استفاده از تکنیک معادلات ساختاری جهت بهبود مدل و ارزش‌گذاری مؤلفه‌ها و شاخص‌ها و استفاده از ریشه دوم برآورد واریانس خطای تقریب برای انتخاب بهترین مدل می‌باشد. یافته‌های پژوهش عبارت‌اند از 1) ارائه مدل پیشنهادی بازآفرینی پایدار رود دره درکه با رویکرد جامع توسعه و حفاظت 2) ارزش‌گذاری کمی مؤلفه‌ها و شاخص‌های مدل 3) تعیین تأثیر متقابل متغیرهای پنهان و متغیرهای آشکار مدل 4) ارتباط بین متغیرهای آشکار مؤلفه‌ها با یکدیگر 5) راستی آزمایی مدل مفهومی اولیه. درنتیجه، ارزش‌گذاری مؤلفه‌ها و شاخص‌های مدل بازآفرینی پایدار رود دره درکه انجام شد. به‌عنوان نمونه اهمیت ارزش مؤلفه‌های زیست‌محیطی با ضریب 1، اجتماعی-فرهنگی با ضریب 85/0، کالبدی با ضریب 81/0، اقتصادی با ضریب 79/0 و درنهایت مدیریتی با ضریب 71/0 به دست آمده است. این مقادیر کمی بیانگر اولویت اقدامات و وزن هر یک از مؤلفه‌ها می‌باشد و در همه سنجه‌ها و مؤلفه‌ها قابل‌تحلیل و تفسیر است که با توجه به مقادیر به‌دست‌آمده مدل پیشنهادی اولیه بازآفرینی پایدار رود دره درکه بر اساس مقادیر کمی، اصلاح گردید.}, keywords_fa = {بازآفرینی پایدار,رود دره درکه,رویکرد جامع یکپارچه حفاظت و توسعه,SEM}, url = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_104846.html}, eprint = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_104846_8826bba7127a2a9d1293063b7bd02787.pdf} } @article { author = {hasanzade tavakoli, somaye and zand moghadam, mohamadreza and Korkebadadi, Zeinab}, title = {Estimation of worn-out texture resilience to natural hazards by fuzzy demilitarization and fuzzy ANP (case study: urban texture of Semnan city)}, journal = {Sustainable city}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {83-99}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Iranian Geography and Urban Planning Association}, issn = {2476-6631}, eissn = {2476-6151}, doi = {10.22034/jsc.2020.222328.1210}, abstract = {Abstract Today, analyzing and promoting the resilience of communities to environmental hazards has become one of the most important areas of human and social sciences studies, including urban planning. As we are currently discussing the simultaneous movement of sustainable development and disaster management towards resilience promotion, research on resilience of historic and urban fabric is a way to avoid the damage caused by natural disasters because of the time needed to tackle problems and shortages. Gives to urban planners. The concept of risk reduction programs seeks to strengthen resilience communities and has been the word for disaster management since 2005 and the Hugo Conference. Today, the concept of resilience has entered the planning domain with a variety of social, economic, physical, and managerial orientations. ... and much of its arena is dedicated to managing environmental hazards such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes and global warming ... One of the problems that always threatens human societies is the occurrence of natural disasters, which results in a lot of damage if there is no awareness. For this reason, there is always an emphasis on increasing resilience. In this applied research, descriptive-analytical method has been used to identify the indices and factors affecting the resilience component and finally to evaluate the resilience of historical and worn-out texture of Semnan. For this purpose, the fuzzy DEMATEL method is used to identify the criteria relationship and the fuzzy ANP method is used to prioritize the weaknesses in the historical context of Semnan city in the field of resilience and then to evaluate the resilience dimensions in seven criteria and sub-criteria by experts. The results showed that the economic criterion with weight (0.213) was ranked first. Demographic and physical criteria also came in second and third with weights (0.209) and (0.172), respectively. Therefore, according to these results, the priorities of urban planners in the historical and worn-out context of Semnan city to be more resilient should be addressed in terms of economic and demographic aspects in order to raise income levels and reduce population density and, in the physical sector, to strengthen The risks are natural. Also attention should be given to educating and educating residents about natural disasters and increasing social capital. At the end, suggestions have been made to increase the resilience of the worn-out historic fabric of Semnan. The wide range of urban issues and phenomena on the one hand and the increasing need of citizens for different issues as well as their varied tastes on the other hand necessitate the consideration of all aspects of the city that urban managers and planners must always keep in mind. This may seem sensible in normal circumstances without disasters and natural disasters, but when cities are exposed to natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and so forth. They see the name of ensuring the safety and security of the citizens, who must achieve this with special measures. This means upgrading the city's capacity, flexibility, or urban resilience, which is crucial to the resilience of cities given the current events in the city and the future trend. Semnan city with a long historical history has many traces of the past, most of which are worn out. In case of one of the natural disasters, besides losing its historical identity it also causes a lot of damage to the worn texture. Planning and identifying shortcomings can greatly prevent the damages caused by these accidents and help enhance urban resilience in the worn-out context. 2- Determining the weight and importance of each of the effective criteria in collecting historical and used textures of Semnan city and suggesting ways to reduce the effects of natural disasters in this part of Semnan city. Therefore, to achieve these goals, planners are proposing to improve resilience: - Tissue restoration with the aim of empowering its residents to maintain sustainable residential units - develop and update infrastructure networks of tissue sites (water, sewage, electricity, gas, telecommunications, etc.) - Expanding green space and open to historical and used textiles for use in times of crisis - Increasing the welfare and service facilities to the satisfaction of the residents of the area - Creating traditional jobs to attract tourism and capital - Preserving ancient and valuable monuments in the tissue and preventing its destruction - Assess existing risks and prevent and reduce risks in historical context - Given the social capital and NGOs - Municipalities can use land for unmanageable and unmanageable land in accordance with their legal requirements. -Using land use and non-compliance with municipal legal requirements in times of crisis - Improving the structure of passages and crossings for better access in times of crisi Keywords: Resilience, Historical Texture, Worn Texture, Fuzzy ANP, Semnan}, keywords = {Keywords: Resilience"," Worn texture"," Fuzzy ANP"," Semnan}, title_fa = {ارزیابی میزان تاب‌آوری بافت‌های فرسوده در مقابل مخاطرات طبیعی مطالعه موردی: بافت فرسوده شهر سمنان}, abstract_fa = {در پی تغییرات سریع شهرها بخشی از بافت‌های شهری به علت فرسودگی نتوانسته‌اند با محیط خود و خدمات‌دهی به ساکنین ارتباط برقرار کنند. امروز آسیب‌پذیری بافت‌های فرسوده در برابر سوانح طبیعی به‌عنوان مسئله‌ای جهانی پیش روی مدیران شهری قرارگرفته است. با توجه به شرایط و موقعیت بافت فرسوده شهر سمنان و توجه نکردن و رسیدگی نامناسب شرایط تاب‌آوری در برابر مخاطرات طبیعی در وضعیت نابسامانی قرار دارد. این پژوهش به ارزیابی میزان تاب‌آوری بافت فرسوده شهر سمنان در برابر حوادث طبیعی با توجه به کاستی‌هایی که در زمینه‌های کالبدی، نهادی، زیست‌محیطی، اقتصادی و... می‌پردازد. پژوهش ازنظر هدف کاربردی و ازنظر نظر روش بررسی توصیفی-تحلیلی است. برای ارزیابی ابعاد مختلف تاب‌آوری محدوده موردنظر از روش دیمتل فازی برای میزان ارتباط معیارها و از روش ANP فازی برای اولویت‌بندی نقاط ضعف موجود در بافت فرسوده شهر سمنان در مبحث تاب‌آوری بهره گرفته‌شده است و پس از سنجش ابعاد تاب‌آوری در هفت معیار و زیر معیارها نتایج نشان داد که معیار اقتصادی با وزن (213/0) رتبه اول را کسب کرده و معیار جمعیتی و کالبدی نیز به ترتیب با اوزان (209/0) و (172/0) رتبه‌های دوم و سوم را کسب کرده‌اند. بنابراین مشخص شد اهمیت این مؤلفه‌ها در بین مؤلفه‌های دیگر بیشتر است. همچنین با توجه به یافته‌ها و مشاهدات پژوهش مشخص شد تاب‌آوری بافت فرسوده شهر سمنان در وضعیت مطلوبی نیست و نیاز به توجه ویژه مدیران شهری دارد.}, keywords_fa = {تاب‌آوری,بافت فرسوده,ANP فازی,شهر سمنان}, url = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_107014.html}, eprint = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_107014_80c14f2ba768b9b4e1be5d07e9d3740c.pdf} } @article { author = {samadi, Ali and mousavi, Yaghoub and azkia, mostafa}, title = {Sociological and Physical Analysis of Urban Public Spaces (Case Study:Tehran City )}, journal = {Sustainable city}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {101-114}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Iranian Geography and Urban Planning Association}, issn = {2476-6631}, eissn = {2476-6151}, doi = {10.22034/jsc.2019.202647.1130}, abstract = {Introduction Urban public spaces are places that belong to all citizens and not just limited to the physical aspect, in fact they have been identified by the presence of people and their activities. The urban public spaces usage rate and its psychological and sociological effects on social health as one of the urban sustainable development variables has great importance among citizens. Therefore, production, distribution, accessibility and use of urban public spaces and their effects have been become an important issue in urban sociology. According to that social interactions are one of the basic needs of human beings in collective life and their civic nature, it can be confirmed that public spaces provide the basis for social interactions in the city. Also, urban public space is an essential element of urban construction, which is related to the center of social strategies and shapes people's behavior and social life. On the other hand, social and sociological factors affect the physical and appearance and design of city. Tehran city is one of the metropolises that has experienced inequality in the use of urban public spaces in recent years. A metropolis such as Tehran has various and different areas and regions in terms of physical, therefore, increasing the social and economic distance and unequal distribution of facilities and services has made it a heterogeneous city in the social environment, so it seems that analysis of public spaces in terms of the impact of social factors on the physical as an issue that needs to be raised, must be explained. Based on the subject importance, the study seeks to examine the tendency and use of public spaces in Tehran, the physical factors affecting the manner and public spaces usage rate among residents of different regions and sociological factors among them. Methodology The present study is applied and descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose and method, respectively. The method of data collection in the theoretical framework is library and documentary and in the information analysis section is to use the attitudes and opinions of citizens in the form of a questionnaire and base on the fieldwork. The statistical population of the present study is people over the age of 18 of 22 districts of Tehran in 2016 and the sample size according to Cochran's formula is 385 people. In order to explain the statistics and inferential tests and also answer the research question, the T-test was used to measure the desirability of the indicators. In view point of the study aim that is to investigate the effect of variables on each other, Pearson test and linear regression tables were also used. Results and discussion In order to show the desirability of physical and sociological indicators of public spaces in Tehran, the T-Test was used. The results of the test indicated that the physical condition of public spaces is at moderate level of desirability and the sociological status of spaces is at low one. The Pearson test was also used to investigate the relationship between physical and sociological indicators. According to the test result, the p-value rate between the studied indicators is less than 0.05 and the sociological variables intensity of dependence to physical ones is less than the physical indicators dependence intensity to sociology ones that indicates the sociological factors susceptibility of physical factors is relatively at low level. In regression analysis, the physical and sociological factors are the independent and dependent variables, respectively. The results of this test showed that the value of the adjusted coefficient of determination is 0.421 that indicates the low ability of the independent variable to explain the variance of the dependent variable. That is to say, the independent variable explains 42% of the dependent changes, and the rest of these changes, known as the error quantification, are influenced by variables outside the model. Also, the value of the Watson camera is 1.23 that illustrated the remnants are independent of each other. The model regression value is 25.29 and the remnant value is 19.79, and due to the amount of remnant square roots are smaller than the sum of the regression square roots, it indicates that the model high explanatory power of the dependent variable changes explanation. The beta value in the model is 0.489. And the large value of beta indicates relative importance and its role in predicting the dependent variable. Therefore, the regression model is statistically significant and the research question, which is the effect of physical factors on sociological factors, is evaluated to some extent positively. Conclusion The results demonstrate that physical factors affect a total of nearly 48% of the sociological factors changes and 62% of the effective factors in the strengthening of sociological factors in urban public spaces depend on variables outside the research. Therefore, it can be said that physical infrastructures improvement and their development in public spaces of Tehran as one of the effective factors in the production of public spaces and also accessibility and usage of these spaces and the sociological condition enhancement of public spaces do not play a decisive role. In addition to physical and sociological factors, there are other elements that need to be considered. Thus, according to different areas resident’s opinion of Tehran, physical factors have a very small effect on sociological factors in public spaces and sociological factors reinforcement in public spaces of Tehran is not only affected by physical factors and other components have more impressions. These factors may be psychological, economic, environmental, cultural, political ones and so on.}, keywords = {"Sociological Analysis","public spaces","Tehran city"}, title_fa = {تحلیل جامعه‌شناختی - کالبدی فضاهای عمومی شهری مطالعه موردی: کلانشهر تهران}, abstract_fa = {روند فزاینده شهرنشینی و گسترش فیزیکی آن موجب نابرابری فضایی در توزیع یکسان خدمات و امکانات شهری در سطح شهرها شده است که این امر دسترسی به فضاهای عمومی را با مشکل مواجه کرده است این در حالی است که دسترسی و استفاده مناسب از فضاهای عمومی شهری متأثر از عوامل بسیاری است، ازاین‌رو هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی میزان تأثیر عوامل کالبدی و عوامل جامعه‌شناختی در استفاده از فضاهای عمومی شهری در بین ساکنین مناطق مختلف شهر تهران می‌باشد. روش تحقیق ازلحاظ هدف، توصیفی – تحلیلی و ازلحاظ کاربست نتایج و نوع تحقیق کاربردی و ازلحاظ روش، روش‌شناسی کمی از نوع روش همبستگی و شیوه جمع‌آوری داده‌ها به‌صورت پرسشنامه‌ای می‌باشد. جامعه آماری افراد بالای 18 سال شهر تهران در سرشماری سال 1395 و بر اساس فرمول کوکران حجم نمونه 385 نفر و روش نمونه‌گیری احتمالی از نوع نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای در نظر گرفته‌شده است. به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون‌های T-test و روش ضریب همبستگی و رگرسیون خطی ساده استفاده‌شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که بین عوامل جامعه‌شناختی و عوامل کالبدی فضاهای عمومی رابطه نسبتاً ضعیفی برقرار است و با توجه به نتایج رگرسیون، عوامل کالبدی بر عوامل جامعه‌شناختی به میزان اهمیتی برابر با 487/0 تأثیر دارد. نتایج حاصل بیانگر این است که عوامل کالبدی تأثیر بسیار کمی بر تقویت عوامل جامعه‌شناختی در بین ساکنین شهر تهران دارد. با گسترش دامنه سایر عوامل بستر مناسب‌تری جهت عوامل و تعاملات اجتماعی فراهم می‌شود.}, keywords_fa = {جامعه شناختی,عوامل کالبدی,فضاهای عمومی,کلانشهر تهران}, url = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_106462.html}, eprint = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_106462_390d0c93567381967be5ea0231501a7c.pdf} } @article { author = {naghibzadeh, ahmadreza and shamsoddini, Ali and soltani, ali}, title = {Investigating and Measuring Barriers to Private Sector Participation in Urban Development (Case Study of Shiraz)}, journal = {Sustainable city}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {115-128}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Iranian Geography and Urban Planning Association}, issn = {2476-6631}, eissn = {2476-6151}, doi = {10.22034/jsc.2020.210973.1162}, abstract = {Extended Abstract Introduction Consideration of fundamental and logical criteria in urban physical development is one of the principles of urban sustainable development. Urban sustainable development is a kind of development that considers the real needs of humans and the environment; in other words, decisions are deemed wise when they take economic, social, and environmental aspects into consideration. Sustainable income is one of the factors affecting the physical development of cities, which determines the type and extent of urban development based on existing plans. Therefore, a major urban sustainability factor is achieving a sustainable model for financial resources to cover the current and construction expenses of a city and lay the foundations for investment in urban development infrastructures. It merits mention that not only do the incomes need to be reliable and steady, but they also should not pose any threat to urban sustainable development. Considering the lack of sufficient funding for urban projects in most cities around the world, these cities are in need of investments, partnership with the private sector, and facilities from banks and institutions in order to develop their infrastructures. According to reports by Shiraz Deputy Mayor’s Office for Finance and Economy (2019) and Fars Planning and Budget Organisation (2019) in Iran, currently there are 31 private companies active in urban development, 2,618 private companies active in contracting, and 153 private companies active in different urban projects. On the basis of 2018 and 2019 reports, 102 contracts have been signed with the private sector and are being undertaken for projects concerning cemeteries, waste management, public squares, and the green space. According to Figure 1, different districts of Shiraz Municipality signed 255 contracts overall with the private sector in 2019; this number was 690 in 2018, and 1791 in 2016-2017. Therefore, it can be concluded that the number of contracts, i.e. the extent of the private sector partnership, has followed a downward trend. This study examined major barriers to the partnership of the private sector in urban development and construction in Shiraz. The main research question is: What factors inhibit the partnership of the private sector in urban development of Shiraz, and to what extent? Methodology This was an applied survey paper, where a measurement tool was prepared to examine the quantitative variables and study the main objective (question) of the research. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was adopted in order to explain the role of factors inhibiting the private sector partnership in Shiraz development. The data were collected using a closed-ended questionnaire on the basis of the five-point Likert scale; the research sample included the directors and officers working at the municipality. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity and convergent validity were confirmed by experts and university professors. Composite reliability coefficients (greater than 0.7) and Cronbach’s alpha (greater than 0.7) were used to assess the reliability; if the coefficients converge, the research tool will be considered reliable. Results Structural Equation Modelling (SEM): As seen in Table 3, according to the results from Fornell and Larcker Matrix, average variance extracted (AVE) of the latent variables, located on the main diagonal of the matrix, is greater than the correlation between them, located below the main diagonal. It can, therefore, be asserted that the latent variables in the current model are more associated with their observable variables than other constituents; in other words, the discriminant validity of the model is confirmed. Table 3. Discriminant validity of study variables Source: research findings, 2019 Structural Part of the Model As seen in Table 4, the value of t coefficient for all the relationships studied is greater than 1.96, indicating the significance of those relationships at the confidence level of 95%. Based on the results of Table 4, the relationship between partnership barriers and policymaking and regulations is 0.4, which is significant considering the value of t coefficient (5.33). In a similar vein, the relationships between partnership barriers and other variables are also significant: studying, preparing, and assigning the projects is 0.263, and the value of t coefficient is 3.45; funding and financial support is 0.364, and the value of t coefficient is 2.68; and lastly, capacity building is 0.145, and the value of t coefficient is 2.14. According to these results, the strongest relationship is between partnership barriers and policymaking and regulations (0.4), and the weakest relationship is between studying, preparing, and assigning the projects and partnership barriers of the private sector in Shiraz development (0.145). Figure 3. Structural Model together with standardised coefficient of factor loadings and overall effects of main structures Goodness-of-Fit of the Structural Model According to the results, the average of shared values and coefficients of determination were 0.868 and 0.16 respectively. Additionally, the value of the goodness-of-fit was 0.372, confirming the model’s goodness-of-fit, as it was greater than 0.36. Conclusion In the structural model of the present paper, policymaking and regulations; studying, preparing, and assigning the projects; funding and financial support; and capacity building in the public and private sectors were identified as the influential factors in the partnership of the private sector in development projects in the Iranian city of Shiraz. It should be noted that the variable of policymaking and regulations proved stronger than other variables (0.4), showing that lack of long-term plans, insufficient incentives and exemptions, and lack of upstream legal frameworks have inhibited the partnership of the private sector in Shiraz development plans and projects. Another influential factor confirmed by the structural model is funding and financial support; a number of major inhibiting factors in this regard include not using the capacity of the capital market to finance partnership contracts, insufficient financial resources to offer facilities, and lack of sustainable financial resources to provide backing.}, keywords = {Partnerships,Urban Development,private sector,Structural Equations,Shiraz}, title_fa = {ارزیابی موانع مشارکت بخش خصوصی در توسعه و عمران شهری مطالعه موردی: شهر شیراز}, abstract_fa = {با توجه به عدم امکان تأمین سرمایه برای پروژه‌های شهری، در بسیاری از شهرهای دنیا برای توسعه زیرساخت‌ها نیاز اساسی به حضور سرمایه‌گذاری و مشارکت بخش خصوصی و استفاده از تسهیلات بانک‌ها و مؤسسات ایجاد می‌گردد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر که از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی است، سنجش موانع مشارکت بخش خصوصی در توسعه و عمران شهری در شهر شیراز هست. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل تمامی کارشناسان و مدیران مشغول به فعالیت در شرکت‌های بخش خصوصی فعال درزمینه توسعه و عمران شهر شیراز هستند، می‌باشد. 100 نفر از افراد مذکور به‌صورت تصادفی انتخاب و اطلاعات لازمه با استفاده از ابزار تحقیق جمع‌آوری شد. ابزار مورداستفاده در این پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه محقق ساخته‌ای است که دارای پنج بخش بود. روایی آن به‌صورت محتوایی (صوری) و سازه‌ای و پایایی آن با استفاده از پایایی ترکیبی مورد تأیید قرارگرفته است (آلفای کرونباخ = 869/0). تحلیل داده‌ها از طریق تحلیل همبستگی و الگو یابی معادلات ساختاری و با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS و Smart PLS انجام‌شده است. مدل ارزیابی‌شده در پژوهش از شاخص‌های برازندگی قابل قبولی برخوردار بود. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که به ترتیب متغیرهای موانع سیاست‌گذاری و تنظیم مقررات (4/0= γ، 33/5 = t)، تأمین مالی – حمایت مالی (364/0= γ، 68/3 = t)، مطالعه و آماده‌سازی (263/0= γ، 45/3 = t) و ظرفیت‌سازی و ارتقای دانش (145/0= γ، 14/2 = t) دارای بیشترین تأثیر بر عدم مشارکت بخش خصوصی در توسعه و عمران شهر شیراز می‌باشند. به‌صورت کلی، این عوامل تبیین‌کننده حدود 6/47 درصد از تغییرات مشارکت بخش خصوصی در توسعه و عمران در شهر شیراز هستند.}, keywords_fa = {مشارکت,توسعه و عمران شهری,بخش خصوصی,معادلات ساختاری,شهر شیراز}, url = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_107643.html}, eprint = {https://www.jscity.ir/article_107643_9966644709809d0f9241d9f188e791a6.pdf} }